Benefits of Alternative Dispute Resolution Essay -- ADR

The purpose of this paper is to discuss what Alternative animosity Resolution (ADR) is and how it came about, what different types of ADR on that point is to choose from and how ADR benefits both parties compared to litigation. ADR can quickly resolve almost any minor issue regarding most civil cases family, neighbors, employers, contractors, etc. ADR includes mediation (also known as conciliation), arbitration and settlement conferences. most of the benefits of ADR include cost, speed, confidentiality, control, cooperative resolution and industry experts.Brief History of ADRADR has been around for many years but has really interpreted off over the past few decades specifically after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. In the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination in habit or public accommodations on the basis of race, sex or national origin. These laws opened up the gateway for employees to fight employers for fair treatment. Also, during this time the women s movement and the environmental movements where growing quickly leading to more and more court cases. The court system where becoming overwhelmed and cases were being delayed for long period of times. As the courts were try to resolve cases quickly there were more and more procedural errors being made. ADRs like mediation and arbitration became a popular way of to deal with these types of cases and others and it was percentage relieve pressure on the already overloaded court system.The judicial system is still considered a fair way of disputing resolutions. However, its time consuming and expensive. Some pros of litigation, according to Citizens Guide.ca Pros and Cons of litigation, are they can create a precedent that will prevent future ... ... 2011 Henton, Lesley. What is a Settlement Conference? 2009-2011. July 18, 2011 Woods, Robert E. What are the Benefits to Alternative Dispute Resolution? 1995. July 6, 2011 Judicial Council of California. Alternative Dispute Resolu tion Options for Resolving Your Dispute. 2011. July 12, 2011 Bakke-Norman Law Offices. Alternative Dispute Resolution A Clients Guide to the Language and Procedure. 2010. July 15, 2011Beyond grind Farming Coalition. Citizens Guide to Confronting a Factory Farm. April 2007. July 9, 2011

Costs and Benefits of Globalization and Localization Essay -- Globaliza

For ane to understand the costs and benefits of orbicularization and localization one first needs to understand what each entails. globalisation is when a demesne involves itself into international affairs, economically, politically or even possibly culturally. Globalization expands beyond the local boundaries of a nation and spreads into other communities throughout the world. fix is when a country chooses not to participate in global affairs and confines itself and its people from taking part in any type of thing with any other country. This means that this country does not participate in any economic, political or culture issues with outsiders.In many articles addressing business today, one can read about the views toward globalization. Many feel as though globalization is the best process a business should pursue. This process of globalization offers a way in which countries can become involved with a nation for common interests. By using the globalization process, a countr y can win new ways of technology. For example, the United States could involve itself with a country that mainly depends on farming for their economic stability and l masters from them their enhanced techniques that our farmers could apply to make their crops get under ones skin better. In turn the U.S. could set up some kind of, business deal with this agricultural country. Possibly, the U.S. could teach this country on how to make their economy stronger by meet involved in the global free trade markets were they could make excellent profits on their produce. This way the United States and the agricultural country would both earn a great deal from this global involvement. This leads into another advantage for globalization, trade. Some countries have immers... ... The economy is given a chance to strengthen through trade and allies can be made with international involvement. Also important is the cultures and traditions that can be spread throughout the world when there is com munication. Localization withal stresses culture but it is only one culture that is being observed. Nationalism is very important for a country and gives its people pride but there does not need to be seclusion from the rest of the world. For the economy, there is a better chance for jobs and facilities to be started within a country that has a global economy booming. All in all I believe the benefits for globalization out way those of localization but it is very important that a country gets involved in globalization but also includes localization in some ways as well. Work Cited Rosenau , James. The Complexities and Contradictions of Globalization

Breakwater Essay -- Marine Infrastructures

Conventional breakwaters are massive in size and generally associated with large scales in construction materials, effort and cost. The development of large breakwater schemes with pitiful design and management may trigger a number of adverse effects on neighbouring coastal environment, e.g. large amount of wave reflection, alteration of shore morphology, water quality deterioration and change of marine ecosystem. To alleviate the above problems, various ingenious designs of light-weight breakwaters have been proposed, tested and constructed in the past as alternatives to the customary breakwaters, one of which is the free uprise breakwaters.Free surface breakwaters are essentially barriers located near the water surface where the energy flux is maximal. The total superlative of such barriers is usually far smaller than the water depth which helps water circulation around the structures. These barriers can be constructed on a group of piles set into sea floor, or held floating as floating breakwaters. Wave reflection and dissipation are the primary energy damping mechanisms inherited by these barriers. Free surface breakwaters are most suitable to be built at semi-protected sites where the soil condition is poor.The present investigation is motivated by the construction of bottom-mounted semicircular breakwaters in Miyazaki Port (Japan), Tianjin Port (China) and Yangtze River Estuary (China) for sea defence. Extensive studies on such breakwaters were undertaken by several researchers from Japan, China and India, e.g. Tanimoto et al. (1989), Sasajima et al. (1994), Xie (1999), Dhinakaran et al. (2002), Yuan and Tao (2003) and Zhang et al. (2005). Although a number of studies have been reported in the literature associated with... ...hat comprise a large number of discrete constituents for energy dissipation. Examples of such breakwaters are multiple-layer breakwater (Wang et al., 2006) and porous-pile breakwater (Hsiao et al., 2008). These structures are usually highly porous to water flow, resulting in relatively small wave reflection and the horizontal wave forces on the structures.One of the major concerns in the design of marine infrastructures is the glide safety adjacent to the breakwaters. In many cases, it is important to keep the amount of wave reflection in front of the breakwater to the minimal. The majority of the abovementioned breakwaters mainly fare as wave reflectors. It is hoped that the free surface semicircular breakwater considered for the present research would yield better performance characteristics by producing low reflection and wanted wave attenuation.

Variety of Love Relationships in Shakespeares As You Like It Essay

The Variety of Love Relationships in Shakespeares As You alike(p) It adept of the main concerns of man passim the centuries has probably been to define the image of jockey and to understand the complexities that govern love relationships among people. William Shakespeare seems to have been fully aware of the need and interest in love, since his work transcends judgment of conviction and place. Love is the central concern in As You Like It. This comedy presents different attitudes towards love, which may be derived from the conversations among its characters and from the romantic attachments portrayed in it. By comparing the different love relations in the play, one may further appreciate important facts about the concept of love. Moreover, love is also depicted as the force that rules over all kinds of human ties other than the romantic ones, namely familial bonds and friendship. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of love portrayed in As You Like It , and to explore the different varieties of love relationships among its characters. A reading of As You Like It may lead us to an understanding of the concept of love as embodying different ideas, which might be observed through the characters of the play. These ideas, loves wealth, loves truth, and loves order, are expressed in the characters perceptions of love and in the way they relate to one another. One of the interpretations attributed to the concept of love in this comedy, and often portrayed in Shakespeares plays, is that of love as a kind of richness, as a commercial enterprise in which men and women trade. Under this light, the bond beaten lovers gains a mercantilistic value and may thus be regarded as a kind of contract... ...portrayed in Shakespeares As You Like It, and to examine the love relationships in it. Through a careful observation of the characters perceptions about love, and of the way they engage in love relationships, we may conclude that the concept of love may be attributed different meanings, depending on individual and personal beliefs. Our conclusion may be derived from the various types of comic relations familial, sexual, romantic, and friendship. Works Cited and ConsultedHoward, blue jean E., Intoduction to As You Like It. The Norton Shakespeare Ed. Stephen Greenblatt, et.al. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 1997.Shakespeare, William. As You Like It. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York W.W. Norton Company, 1997. Sparknotes. As You Like It, by William Shakespeare. 8 Nov. 2004 http//www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/asyoulikeit/

Case Analysis of US v. Emerson Essays -- Law Court Essays

Case Analysis of US v. EmersonThis case deals with the Defendants possession of a firearm while under a restraining mark, and the charges incurred by the Defendant for such(prenominal) firearm possession. Under Texas law, the possession of a firearm by Mr. Emerson creates a understandable threat to members of his family, thus creating a violation of the restraining order against him. Apparently common practice in Texas, the restraining order was filed by Mr. Emersons wife in conjunction with the written document filed for divorce. The restraining order sought to enjoin Emerson from savoury in various financial transactions to maintain the financial status quo and from making threatening communications or actual attacks upon his wife during the pendency of the divorce proceedings (United 1). Under Texas law, unbeknownst to Mr. Emerson, the possession of a firearm during the time period of the restraining order constituted a head violation of the restraining order, and Mr. Emerson was indicted on charges of such violation. District Court AnalysisMr. Emerson was indicted in the US District Court for the Northern District of Texas, San Angelo Division, on charges of violation of the restraining order filed against him. Possession of a firearm was in violation of 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(8) (hereafter referred to as the Act). This statute states that(g) It shall be unlawful for any person(8) who is subject to a court order that(A) was issued after a hearing of which such person received actual notice, and at which such person had an opportunity to participate(B) restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other c... ...judges question of whether it was the governments position that it could take guns away from the public, and, restrict ownership of rifles, pistols and shotguns from all people. Mateja responded, Yes (Texas). Works CitedNational Rifle Associ ation, the. amicus curiae US v. Timothy Joe Emerson. uniform resource locator http//www.potomac-inc.org/emernra. 7/20/00.Potomac Institute, the. amicus curiae in support of appellant. URL http//www.potomac-inc.org/emerarg.html. 7/20/00.State of Alabama, the. amicus curiae US v. Timothy Joe Emerson. URL http//www.potomac-inc.org/alaamic.html. 7/20/00.Texas Case Could protagonist Shape Gun Debate. Americas 1st Freedom. August 2000. Vol. 1, Number 3.United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas San Angelo Division. United States v. Emerson. URL http//www.azstarnet.com/sandman/emerson.htm. 7/20/00.

Case Analysis of US v. Emerson Essays -- Law Court Essays

Case Analysis of US v. EmersonThis case deals with the Defendants possession of a firearm while under a restraining revision, and the charges incurred by the Defendant for such firearm possession. to a lower place Texas law, the possession of a firearm by Mr. Emerson creates a perceivable threat to members of his family, thus creating a impingement of the restraining order against him. Apparently common practice in Texas, the restraining order was filed by Mr. Emersons wife in conjunction with the papers filed for divorce. The restraining order sought to enjoin Emerson from engaging in various financial transactions to maintain the financial status quo and from making threatening communications or actual attacks upon his wife during the pendency of the divorce proceedings (United 1). Under Texas law, unbeknownst to Mr. Emerson, the possession of a firearm during the time period of the restraining order constituted a direct violation of the restraining order, and Mr. Emerson was in dicted on charges of such violation. District approach AnalysisMr. Emerson was indicted in the US District Court for the Northern District of Texas, San Angelo Division, on charges of violation of the restraining order filed against him. Possession of a firearm was in violation of 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(8) (hereafter referred to as the Act). This statute states that(g) It shall be unlawful for any person(8) who is subject to a court order that(A) was issued after a sense of hearing of which such person received actual notice, and at which such person had an opportunity to participate(B) restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate follower of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other c... ...judges question of whether it was the governments position that it could vex guns away from the public, and, restrict ownership of rifles, pistols and shotguns from all people. Mateja responded, Yes (Texas). Works CitedNational Ri fle Association, the. amicus curiae US v. Timothy Joe Emerson. uniform resource locator http//www.potomac-inc.org/emernra. 7/20/00.Potomac Institute, the. amicus curiae in support of appellant. URL http//www.potomac-inc.org/emerarg.html. 7/20/00.State of Alabama, the. amicus curiae US v. Timothy Joe Emerson. URL http//www.potomac-inc.org/alaamic.html. 7/20/00.Texas Case Could Help Shape Gun Debate. Americas 1st Freedom. August 2000. Vol. 1, depend 3.United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas San Angelo Division. United States v. Emerson. URL http//www.azstarnet.com/sandman/emerson.htm. 7/20/00.

Application to Clinical Psychology Paper Essay

Introduction DemeScience with all its marvels and wonders continues to press forward making extraordinary breakthroughs. Psychology plays a primal somebodya in many of sciences steps forward, each branch of psychology centering on a specific techniques and theories. In the document the center of prudence is surrounding the application of clinical psychology, this branch of psychology is unique as it all realms of an individuals issue. Specifically speaking, solicitude is the psychological disorder that is beneath review through the processes of a clinical psychologist, thus concent derriereing on the biological, psychological and social factors of the disorder. Discussion of what r eruptes of intervention is best for this particular disorder, what outside sources (friends, family , and co-workers) might be involved in the treatment plan, and how would this plan be presented to individual. All of these explorations and opposites will be answered as we journey into the applica tion of a clinical psychologist much(prenominal) as the faux pas of myopic Albert.Brief Overview of undersize Albert PatriciaThe role of little Albert was an experiment that was conducted by behaviorist John B. Watson who carried one of the most influential psychology studies out in 1920, which is also known as the Father of Behaviorism. The microscopic Albert experiment was also conducted by a graduate student Rosalie Rayner, who accompanied John B. Watson during the demonstration, which took direct around Little Albert ninth month of growth. During the case of Little Albert, Watson, and Rayner often expose the child to several series of various stimuli to see the reaction of the child. In the experiment, Watson and Rayner would bring out different objects toward Albert to see if he would have any anxiety toward a white rat (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Although, Watson, and Rayner were both interested in the written report of Little Albert, they both were reward a gra nt to study reflexes, and instinct ininfants. During Watsons experiment, he exposed Little Albert to white lab rat to see if the child would react to the lab rat in fear.The next time Albert was exposed to the rat, Watson made distressing loud noise while collision a steal bar with a lb creating how emotional response could be conditioned or learned. At first response the child wait to become frighten by the loud noise, however, at second response the child began to cry after repeatedly hearing the loud noise (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). bandage the experiment took place, Little Albert was soon introduced to a white rat combine with a series of other stimuli, which included a rabbit, burning news paper, and a mask. During this process of experimentation, every time Little Albert was shown the white rat pairing with the loud noise, he would begin to cry. The instant the rat was shown to Albert the second or deuce-ace time, he would began to cry at the sight of the rat alone. Watson wanted to determine if Little Albert would become fearful as a loud sound of the hammer would create a distressing noise near the child that present how classical conditioning empennage be use to condition, and emotional response (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009).However, Albert fear of the white rat was non the only conditioning, but he was introduce to a wide variety of similar objects as well, such as a white rabbit, Raynors furry white coat, and a mask that symbolize Santas white beard. Watson had conditioned a fear response in Little Albert during this process to see if the same response of fear would transfer to other objects. During his experiment, Watson discover that Little Albert f ear did in fact extend to other furry animals, and objects, however, before Watson could remove any of signs of phobia, Alberts mother remove him from the hospital (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009).Biological, Psychological, and Social Factors KimberlyAccording to most research that ha s been done on the case of Little Albert, it does not seem that thither are many biological factors that affect the case. According to Web MD (2012), a mental illness caused by a biological factor includes an abnormal balance of special chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. It can also be genetics, brain defects, or even prenatal damage (2012). Little Albert seemed to be normal in that sense to most. However, evidence collected by several researchers say that Little Albert was not a vigorous and normal infant as Watson had described (Beck, Fridlund,Goldie, Irons, 2012). Analysis of the film of little Albert suggests that Little Albert had substantial behavioral and neurological deficits (2012). It was suggested that in these films Little Alberts refractory nature was like that of severely mentally challenged child (2012). So while some whitethorn think biological factors played no part, they actually may have.Psychological factors play a huge role in the case of Little Albert. Psychological factors can include psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse (WebMD, 2012). While Little Albert was not physically or sexually abused, he was in a sense emotionally abused. He was purposely conditioned to be scared of first a noise and then of a rat and the noise. Anytime he power saw a rat or anything that resembled a furry object he was scared. He was taken away from the hospital before the conditioning could be reversed. This is something that was a trauma to him and therefore the reason why psychological factors play a huge role in his case.Social factors also played a role in the case of Little Albert. The main social factor that sticks out in this case is that of family. Little Alberts mother allowed him to be in the hospital and have these experiments to take place. With that being said, she is at fault for Little Albert having the phobia that he did. His mother also took him from the hospital before there w as any possibility to remove the phobia (Meyer, 2009).Intervention of Little Albert JefferySince there is no evidence of any biological factors that were evident in the case of Little Albert, then there is no way to implement any biological interventions for him. But we can see that psychological factors played a significant role in his anxiety and as such Cognitive Behavioral Treatment could be effective in component part him overcome his disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) of various Anxiety disorders is ground on the presumption that the disorder is a result of constant perceptions that there is a need to be afraid of a particular object or item, which then results in the an increase in maladaptive and habitual interactions among cognitive, behavioral, and physiological response systems. Maladaptive cognitiveresponses include a pre-attentive bias to threat cues (Mathews, 1990), negatively valenced images and worrisome thinking (Borkovec & Inz, 1990), and cognitive avo idance of some aspects of anxious experience (Borkovec, Shadick, & Hopkins, 1991). Maladaptive behavioral responses include subtle behavioral avoidance (Butler, Fennel, Robson, & Gelder, 1991) and slowed decision-making (Metzger et al., 1990).In the case of Little Albert he was definitely conditioned to be afraid of rats and certain noises which then led to fear and anxiety over anything that reminded of these objects. In treating a person for anxiety the therapist would build a relationship with the patient thus instilling trust and alleviating a certain amount of fear and anxiety at the beginning. As this trust increases the therapist would teach the patient to the idea of self awareness, where the client begins to recognize subtle changes in their anxiety levels and recognize what is set outing this anxiety. Such things as poor thinking, external cues, physiological activity, and then as they recognize these cues implement newly learned intervention techniques to help lower thei r anxiety levels. This form of treatment then focuses on both the psychological and social factors that the individual must learn to deal with. Since it was the mother that was responsible for these tests being done on Little Albert and then pulling him out of treatment before any therapy to correct the anxiety was able to be performed, Family Systems intervention could also be beneficial to helping them deal with his anxieties.This systems intervention approach is different than other approaches in that it includes the family unit in the counseling and treatment sessions. So in a case such as little Albert, both he and his mother would be in the treatment program. This treatment then helps the individual understand how their disorder is impacting others and helps the family understand what trigger points are and how to recognize them so they can help their loved overcome the disorder. As these sessions continue the past is explored as to what may be the cause of their anxiety and h ow they have impacted each section of the family and how each family can contribute to helping overcome the disorder. In the case of Little Albert the Therapist would help them to focus on the psychological causes and the social causes of this disorder and to learn new thought processes and support systems to correct his way of thinking.Conclusion DemeIn closing, our case study Little Albert who had been subjected to classical conditioning using a stimulus to promote a certain behavior fear and anxiety. In the practice of clinical psychology is compulsive to get all parties involved for successful treatment. The approach of intervention is sensitive and clinical psychologist makes every effort to move forward with hopes of the case study not relapsing. In the case of treating Little Albert and the treatment for his fears and anxiety through the application of clinical psychology, however, no real conclusion for this case study was ever provided therefore, we can only suggest the s teps of the clinical psychologist according to the specific structure for treating individuals.ReferencesCraske, M.G., Barlow, D.H., & OLeary, T. (1992). Mastery of your anxiety and worry. Albany, NY Graywind Publications Incorporated.Fridlund, A.J., Beck, H.P., Goldie, W.D, & Irons, G. (2012, January23). LITTLEALBERT A Neurologically Impaired Child. History of Psychology. advance(a) online publication. doi10.1037/a0026720Goldfried, M.R. & Davison, G.C. (1969). Clinical behavior therapy. New York Holt, Rinehart, and Winston Inc.Meyer, R. G., Chapman, L. K., & Weaver, C. M. (2009). Case studies in abnormalbehavior (8thed.). Boston, MA Pearson Education/Allyn & Bacon.WebMD. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/mental-health-causes-mental-illness

Literature Review of Selection Methods

Application forms Application forms be one of the most common extract and assessment methods in practice, used almost as much as the CV most particularly in the public and voluntary sectors (Zibarras and Woods, 2010). Shackleton and Newell (1994) found that break through of seventy-three British organisations they surveyed, 93. 2% of them used exertion forms. Zibarras and Woods (2010) found in a survey they conducted that the use of application forms by organisations were highest in all micro-organisations or very large organisations.The possible reasons for this could be that a very large organisation may receive a lot of applications therefore application forms may be used as a tool to refine the best applicants. In micro organisations the use of an application form could be to pass off out specific information about an applicant or to see whether they could cope working within such a small organisation. Another exhibit that Zibarras and Woods (2010) recognize is that applic ation forms along with structured interviews can be defined as standardized selection methods.This could be interpreted as having a higher validity as in an application form an organisation can identify what they want to know about the applicant and then unintellectual the questions or the relevant information that is required, and add these into the application form. They also identify that application forms are more(prenominal) legally defensible. Application forms could be considered more formal, there are guidelines and everything is easy to monitor and pitted against a selection method such as a CV where the applicant has freedom to overwhelm what they want the employers to know.Management exercises Management or group exercises are an assessment method typically used within an assessment center. Blume, Dreher and Baldwin (2010) found that management and group exercises were fitting to assess the critical thinking and the oral communion of an applicant. However, they also found that these exercises uniform many other of the assessment center tasks involve high communication from the applicant and therefore may be deemed as stressful to some candidates.They go on to identify the importance of show off other skills like organisation and planning when effective oral communication is being assessed. Sackett and Dreher (1982) that when doing any group exercise at an assessment centre the most common skills that are presented through the exercise are leadership, initiative, planning and organisation, problem analysis and decision making, with scores ranging from . 67 and to . 79, the highest with either leadership or initiative.Also from this study, some key behaviours for a manager to possess are not tested very well using this assessment method, these include responsiveness only rack up . 46, sensitivity scoring . 47 and stress tolerance with a score of . 54. Blume, B. D, Dreher, G. F and Baldwin, T. T. (2010). Examining the effects of communication an d apprehension within assessment centres. Journal of occupational and Organisational Psychology (2010), 83, 663-671. The British Psychological Society. Sackett, P. R and Dreher. G. F. (1982).Constructs and Assessment Center Dimensions Some Troubling Empirical Findings. Journal of Applied Psychology 1982, Vol. 67, No. 4, 401-410. Shackleton, V, & Newell, S. (1994). European management selection methods A comparison of five countries. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 2(2), 91-102 Zibarras, L. D and Woods, S. A (2010). A survey of UK selection practices across different organisztion sizes and industry sectors. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology 2010, 83, 499-511. The British Psychological Society

Allelopathy Paper Essay

Introduction Considering the beneficial properties of seeds, not only to us, but the surroundings as well, it is important to understand the nature of Allelopathy and how it affects launch ecology. According to the Topics in Biology Laboratory Manuel, all toldelopathy refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of one establish on another plant, by the release of chemicals from plant parts in both natural and agricultural systems. By secretion of biochemical materials, allelopathy involves a plants ability to inhibit sprouting or growth of the surrounding sprouting.In our exercise, we tested for the presence of allelopathic chemicals in plant shoots and the effect of the allelopathic chemicals (our I. V. ) on the germination and growth (our D. V. ) on radish seeds. The question proposed became, Does Rose seed extract affect the germination and growth of radish seeds? Keeping the allelopathic effects in mind, our operative hypothesis became, If radish seeds get opened to the rose leaf extract, then their percent successful germination and the average length will be little than the percent successful germination and the average length of the radish seeds which do not get exposed to the Rose leaf extract. Materials For hebdomad 1 and week 2 the following materials were used 10 grams of fresh leaves (rose), sandwich-type plastic bag, a scale, a blender, 100 mL of distilled water, folded cheesecloth, a funnel, one stock bottle, 3 pieces of strain wallpaper, two Petri dishes, and 40 radish seeds. Methods According to the Topics in Biology Laboratory Manuel, the experiment was conducted as follows First we needed to collect fresh leaves from one plant species, and fill up a plastic sandwich bag, which we were to bring with us to the lab.Next in groups we were to weigh 10 grams of leaves from the one plant species and place the mensurable sample in a blender. Next we added the 100 mL of distilled water to the blender. Holding the lid of the blender, we ble nded the mixture completely. Then we placed some folded cheesecloth into a funnel and sat it into a stock bottle. Finally we poured the blended mixture through the funnel/cheesecloth to filter the solution. To test the Allelopathic effects, we then needed to place 3 pieces of filter paper in each(prenominal) of the bottoms of the two Petri dishes.In one Petri dish (labeled with the leaf extract) we added 10 mL of the filtered solution, so that it soaked the filter paper layers. In the second Petri dish (labeled control), we added 10 mL of distilled water so that the water soaked the filter paper layers as well. Next in each of the Petri dished we added 20 radish seeds on top of the 3 pieces of filter paper, evenly spaced. Then we placed another piece of filter paper on top of the seeds in both dishes. Finally, we placed the lids on top of both Petri dishes to prevent excessive evaporation and stored them at room temperature, giving them a week to germinate, then be evaluated.Result s For our results, after careful observations and measurements, the percentages of successful germination were as follows For the Experimental group, that is the group treated with extract, had a 70% success rate in which 14 of the 20 radish seeds had sprouts. However, the Control group, which had been treated with distilled water, had an 85% of successful germination in which 17 of the 20 seeds had sprouted. When comparing the seedlings length, the experimental group save 3. 0 mm being the shortest, and 13. 0 mm being the longest, making 4. mm the average length of the seedlings, all which is indicated on the following two pages by bar graph representations on average seed length and percentage rates of both groups. When looking at the control group, however, the shortest length measured was 12. 0 mm and the longest was 62. 0 mm, making their average 42. 0 mm. When discover each of the radish seeds conditions, it was obvious that the control group produced healthier, much vibran t seedlings with an extended root system and hair. However the experimental group contained more so dry, yellowish seeds with little to no root hair.Discussion When observing the results of the Allelopathy experiment, it is evident that the results reflect and indeed support my hypothesis which stated that, If radish seeds get exposed to the rose leaf extract, then their percent successful germination and the average length will be less than the percent successful germination and the average length of the radish seeds which do not get exposed to the Rose leaf extract. So again when comparing the average length of seedlings between the control group and the experimental group, there really is no similitude the experimental group had a mere 4. mm length verses that of the control group which had a remarkable 42. 0 mm length. Although noted both had a high percentage rate of germination, it really comes down to Allelopathy and the competitive chemical warfare, present in our experime ntal group. As for leaving room for error, a turning of problems could have taken place, such as if small amounts of water needed to be added to re-saturate the filter paper, or if fungus appeared due to the high temperatures, etc. Over all I believe the experiment did a good job of explaining and demonstrating the Allelopathic effects on plant economy.

Data Mining and Data Warehouse Essay

ABSTRACT information archeological site, the extraction of hidden figureive information from large selective informationbases, is a powerful impertinently technology with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information in their information wargon houses. Data exploit tools predict hereafter trends and sorts, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge- driven decisions bodys. Data storage store is a computer system designed to give business decision-makers instant approach to information. The warehouse copies its entropy from existing systems like order entry, general ledger, and human resources and stores it for use by executives rather than programmers. Data warehouse substance abusers use special software that enables them to create and rag information when they need it, as opposed to a reporting schedule defined by the information systems (IS) department. This paper describes the meaning of information warehouse and entropy mining ba sic architecture of info wareho utilise and information mining, functions and working of data mining. It in addition presents data mining from data warehouseINTRODUCTION current organizations are under enormous pressure with recent development of the technology. Clearly we need a rapid access to all kinds of information. To assist this we need to accept the past and to target relevant trend analysis. So to perform any trend analysis we essential have a database. In most organizations you result find really large databases in operation for normal daily traffics. These references of databases are known as operational databases in most cases they have non been design to store historical data or to respond to queries but simply to support all the applications for day to day legal proceeding.The second type of database run aground in organizations is the data warehouse. This is designed for strategic decision support and is largely built up from the databases that make up the operational database. The basic characteristic of a data warehouse is that it contains vast amount of data which drop mean billions of records. Smaller, local data warehouse are called data marts. A data warehouse is designed especially for decision support queries therefore only data that is needed for decision support is extracted from the operational data and stored in the data warehouse along with the duration when it was retrieved from operational databases.DEFINITIONDATA WAREHOUSINGA data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant and non-volatile line of battle of data in support of concerns decision making process. Subject-Oriented A data warehouse ignore be use to analyze a particular subject heavens. For example, sales can be a particular subject. Integrated A data warehouse integ pass judgment data from multiple data sources. For example, source A and source B may have different ports of identifying a product, but in a data warehouse, there will be only a single way of identifying a product.Time-Variant Historical data is kept in a data warehouse. For example, one can retrieve data from 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, or horizontal older data from a data warehouse. This contrasts with a transactions system, where often only the most recent data is kept. For example, a transaction system may hold the most recent address of a customer, where a data warehouse can hold all addresses associated with a customer. Non-volatile Once data is in the data warehouse, it will not change. So, historical data in a data warehouse should never be altered.The following are the typical steps involved in the data wareho utilize project cycle.* Requirement Gathering* Physical Environment Setup* Data Modeling* ETL* OLAP Cube construct* Front End Development* Report Development* Performance Tuning* Query Optimization* Quality Assurance* Rolling out to intersection* Production Maintenance* Incremental EnhancementsBenefits of a data warehouseA data warehouse maintains a copy of information from the source transaction systems. This architectural complexity provides the opportunity to * Maintain data history, even if the source transaction systems do not. * Integrate data from multiple source systems, enabling a central diorama across the enterprise. This benefit is always valuable, but particularly so when the organization has grown by merger. * Improve data quality, by providing consistent codes and descriptions, flagging or even fixing bad data. * Present the organizations information consistently.* Provide a single common data model for all data of interest regardless of the datas source. * Restructure the data so that it makes sense to the business users. * Restructure the data so that it delivers excellent query performance, even for complex analytic queries, without impacting the operational systems. * Add value to operational business applications, notably customer relationship management (CRM) systems.Data minelayi ng (DM)Data mining, likewise known as knowledge discovery, refers to computer-assisted tools and techniques for sifting with and analyzing these vast data stores in order to find trends, patterns, and correlations that can guide decision making and profit checking. Data mining covers a wide variety of uses, from analyzing customer purchases to discovering galaxies.In essence, data mining is the equivalent of finding gold nuggets in a mountain of data. The massive task of finding hidden gold depends heavily upon the power of computers The purpose of DM is to analyze and understand past trends and predict future trends.By predicting future trends, business organizations can better position their products and services for financial gain. Nonprofit organizations have also achieved significant benefits from data mining, such as in the area of scientific progress. The concept of data mining is simple yet powerful. The simplicity of the concept is deceiving, however. Traditional metho ds of analyzing data, involving query-and-report approaches, cannot handle tasks of such magnitude and complexity. Data mining consists of volt major elements* Extract, transform, and load transaction data onto the data warehouse system. * Store and manage the data in a multidimensional database system. * Provide data access to business analysts and information technology professionals. * Analyze the data by application software.* Present the data in a reclaimable format, such as a graph or table.Data mining services can be utilise for the following functions * Research and surveys Data mining can be used for product research, surveys, market research and analysis. Information can be gathered that is quite useful in driving peeled marketing campaigns and promotions. * Information collection Through the web scraping process it is practicable to collect information regarding investors, investments and funds by scraping through related websites and databases. * Customer opinions C ustomer views and suggestions revivify an important role in the way a company operates. The information can be readily be found on forums, blogs and other resources where customers freely provide their views. * Data scanning Data collected and stored will be not be important unless scanned. Scanning is important to identify patterns and similarities contained in the data.* stemma of information This is the processing of identifying the useful patterns in data that can be used in decision making process. This is so because decision making must be based on sound information and facts. * Pre-processing of data Usually the data collected is stored in the data warehouse. This data needs to be pre-processed.by pre-processing it center some data that may be deemed unimportant may therefore re removed manually be data mining experts.* wind vane data Web data usually poses many challenges in mining. This is so because of its nature. For instance, web data can be deemed as dynamic meaning it keeps changing from time to time. Therefore it means the process of data mining should be repeated in regular intervals. * Competitor analysis There is a need to understand how your competitors are fairing on in the business market. You need to know both their weaknesses and strengths. Their methods of marketing and distribution can be mined. How they reduce their overall costs is also quite important.* Online research The internet is highly regarded for its huge information. It is evident that it is the largest source of information. It is possible to gather a lot of information regarding different companies, customers and your business clients. It is possible to detect frauds through online means. * News Nowadays with almost all major newspapers and news sources posting their news online it is possible to gather information regarding trends and other minute areas. In this way, it is possible to be in the better position of competing in the market. * Updating data This is quit e important. Data collected will be baseless unless it is updated. This is to ensure that the information is relevant so as to make decisions from it.How does data mining work?While large-scale information technology has been evolving separate transaction and analytical systems, data mining provides the link between the two. Data mining software analyzes relationships and patterns in stored transaction data based on open-ended user queries. Several types of analytical software are available statistical, machine learning, and neural networks. Generally, any of four types of relationships are sought * Classes Stored data is used to locate data in predetermined groups. For example, a restaurant chain could mine customer purchase data to determine when customers visit and what they typically order.This information could be used to increase traffic by having daily specials. * Clusters Data items are grouped according to logical relationships or consumerpreferences. For example, data can be mined to identify market segments or consumer affinities. * Associations Data can be mined to identify associations. The beer-diaper example is an example of associative mining. * Sequential patterns Data is mined to anticipate behavior patterns and trends. For example, an outdoor equipment retailer could predict the likelihood of a backpack being purchased based on a consumers purchase of sleeping bags and hiking shoes.Industries/fields where data mining is currently applied are as follows 1. Data Mining in the Banking Sector Worldwide, banking sector is ahead of many other industries in using mining techniques for their vast customer database. Although banks have employed statistical analysis tools with some success for several years, previously unseen patterns of customer behavior are now coming into clear focus with the aid of new data mining tools. These statistical tools and even the OLAP find out the answers, but more innovative data mining tools provide insight to the a nswer. or so of the applications of data mining in this industry are (i)Predict customer reaction to the change of interest rates (ii)Identify customers who will be most receptive to new product offers (iii)Identify loyal customers(iv) Pin point which clients are at the highest essay for defaulting on a give (v)Find out persons or groups who will opt for each type of loan in the following year (vi)Detect fraudulent activities in credit card transactions (vii)Predict clients who are likely to change their credit card affiliation in the next quarter (viii)Determine customer preference of the different modes of transaction namely through teller or through credit cards, etc.2. Data Mining in the Insurance SectorInsurance companies can benefit from modern data mining methodologies, which help companies to reduce costs, increase profits, retain current customers, acquire new customers, and develop new products .This can be done through (1)Evaluating the risk of the assets being insured taking into account the characteristics of the asset as well as the owner of the asset. (2)Formulating Statistical Modeling of Insurance Risks(3)Using the Joint Poisson/Log-Normal Model of mining to optimize insurance policies (4)And finally finding the actuarial Credibility of the risk groups among insurers3. Data Mining in TelecommunicationAs on this date, every activeness in telecommunication has used data mining technique.(1)Analysis of telecom service purchases(2)Prediction of telephone calling patterns(3)Management of resources and network traffic(4)Automation of network management and maintenance using artificial intelligence to diagnose and repair network transmission problems, etc4. Data Mining in Fraud DetectionData dredging has found wide and useful application in various fraud staining processes like (1)Credit card fraud detection using a combined parallel approach (2)Fraud detection in the voters list using neural networks in combination with symbolic and analog data mining. (3)Fraud detection in passport applications by designing a specific online learning diagnostic system. (4)Rule and analog based detection of false medical claims and so on.An Architecture for Data MiningTo best apply these pass on techniques, they must be fully integrated with a data warehouse as well as flexible interactive business analysis tools. more data mining tools currently operate outside of the warehouse, requiring extra steps for extracting, importing, and analyzing the data. Furthermore, when new insights require operational implementation, integration with the warehouse simplifies the application of results from data mining. The resulting analytic data warehouse can be applied to improve business processes throughout the organization, in areas such as promotional campaign management, fraud detection, new product rollout, and so on. Figure 1 illustrates an architecture for advanced analysis in a large data warehouse.Figure 2 Integrated Data Mining Architectur eFROM DATA WAREHOUSE TO DATA MININGDM is a set of methods for data analysis, created with the aim to find out specific dependence, relations and rules related to data and making them out in the new, higher-level quality information. As distinguished from the data warehouse, which has unique data approach, DM gives results that show relations and mutuality of data. Mentioned dependences are mostly based on various mathematical and statistic relations.Figure 3 Process of knowledge data discoveryEMERGING TRENDS IN DATA MININGWeb mining is the application of data mining techniques to discover patterns from the Web. According to analysis targets, web mining can be shared into three different types, which are Web practise mining, Web content mining and Web structure mining. Web usage miningWeb usage mining is the process of extracting useful information from server logs i.e. users history. Web usage mining is the process of finding out what users are looking for on Internet. Some user s might be looking at only textual data, whereas some others might be interested in multimedia data. Web structure miningWeb structure mining is the process of using graph theory to analyze the node and connection structure of a web site. According to the type of web structural data, web structure mining can be divided into two kinds 1. Extracting patterns from hyperlinks in the web a hyperlink is a structural agent that connects the web page to a different location. 2. Mining the document structure analysis of the tree-like structure of page structures to describe HTML or XML tag usage. Web content miningWeb content mining is the mining, extraction and integration of useful data, information and knowledge from Web page contents. Data Stream Mining is the process of extracting knowledge structures from continuous, rapid data records. A data stream is an ordered sequence of instances that in many applications of data stream mining can be read only once or a small number of times usi ng limited computing and storage capabilities. Examples of data streams embarrass computer network traffic, phone conversations, ATM transactions, web searches, and sensor data.

Challenges Faced by Companies While Entering a Foreign Business

10 Important Factors to Consider Before Starting Your Own Business Published on May 10, 2008 by Educate And percolate in Small Business Comments (46)59 Liked It Certain key factors which carry to be addressed before marking your own barter. This article describes opposite factors which need to be kept in mind before offseting your own concern. It mainly talks about a business from a proprietary point of view, rather than from a corporate point of view. Thus it is intended for small business. A number of factors be important in order to start a successful business. Here an effort is made to describe some of the key factors.Knowledge/Expertise Any business leads some amount of basic experience and experience. The proprietor postulate to be aw atomic number 18 about the business he intends to start. Knowledge and expertise about the product or service are keys to a successful business. In case of limited knowledge the owner may not be able to sustain the business and can be fooled by the vendors, suppliers and competitors. When you ask yourself a indecision What business shall I start? you need to get a convincing reply about what you intend to do and how you are going to go about it. Read more in Small Business Small Business Survival in a Down economy Four Easy Ways to Double Your Economic Stimulus Check Expert knowledge is especially required if the field of business is a respite field. For instance the construction or software industry would require more knowledge as against a retail business selling a crabbed brand of clothes or shoes. Market/Demand Once a decision is taken on the business you intend to start, the next step is to search the demand / market for the product / service. Certain products impart only have a domestic market for them whereas others can be successful on an internationalist level.The key question is Who are the customers? A market survey can be conducted to identify the market for the business to be started. If th e product / service is pass judgment to be sold locally, the demand for it needs to be assessed. In case an international market is expected then rules and regulations for dealing internationally need to be found out. Total Project Costs It is important to correctly assess the total project cost required to set up and run the business successfully. In a capital intensive business such as starting a manufacturing plant, the start up costs can be truly high.You need to identify the total amount which will be spent on the land & building, plant & machinery, furniture and office equipment, vehicles etc. If a business is in the nature of retail you will need to identify the cost of the store and furniture. Amount required for the decoration of the store needs to be assessed. as well in case of an office the major cost will be for the furniture and office equipment. An office or firm can be started at a relatively lower cost initially with only the basic requirements. One also needs to take care of the working capital requirement.This will mainly consist of the inventory which needs to maintained and the credit which is extended to the customers. From this the suppliers credit is deducted to arrive at the operative Capital Requirement. The Working Capital Requirement can be quite high for certain industries for example inventory will need to be maintained in a garment store. Similarly in case of a grocery shop thither is need for huge inventory for which credit may not be given initially by the suppliers. Financing/Capital After identifying the initial costs required for starting the business, the financing pattern will need to be decided.The financing pattern will be mainly by way of capital introduction by the owner and borrowed funds. Depending on how much capital the owner can introduce the balance amount will need to be borrowed. Funds borrowed will be either short term loans or foresightful term loans. The terms and conditions for borrowing funds will nee d to be studied such as the cost of borrowing, security required, rate of interest and the refund terms. The owner will need to approach a number of banks to get information about their terms of lending and draw a comparative compend to identify which funding is the most beneficial for him.As a thumb rule short term funds should not be utilized for the purchase of dogged assets. Short term funds are mainly utilize to meet the working capital requirement. The logic is that if short term funds are used to purchase fixed assets how are you going to repay the short term loan if the business has not progressed. Once the financing pattern is identified the owner will need to decide how the money is going to be utilized. Competition Before entering raw business, information about market competition needs to be found out.In case a product is a monopoly then the competition will not matter. Otherwise the success of the business will guess upon the demand and supply gap. Thus if there i s a huge demand then you can enter the business inspite of the market competition. Otherwise you will need to be stronger than the competitors to gain an entry. Normally existing firms will always have an advantage due to the experience they have and because they may be well equipped. The question which needs to be answered is What is unique about the product / service which will be offered to survive the market competition?Information such as who are the competitors, what is their market strategy and what factors are required to compete with them are important. Location Deciding an optimum location for the business is a strategic and an important one. A good location goes a long way in making the business successful. The location needs to be carefully chosen. Some places have advantages everywhere the others. You can save out on taxes, water and electricity costs if you are set(p) in some areas. The raw materials can be substantially sourced, the manpower would be easily availab le and you can save out on transportation costs in case of certain locations.Setting up a business in certain location could lead to subsidy and rebates from the political relation. In the case of a retail business one needs to be located in a well populated area and one which is easily accessible. Certain niche products / services of different competitors are available at a single location. For example there are software belts having all software companies. Similarly there are gold marts which have different gold vendors and jewelers at a single location. Laws, Rules, & Regulation Setting up a new business would require compliance with various laws & regulations.Each country is governed by separate laws and regulations which require that any new business be registered with certain authorities and meets certain compliance. Thus registration of the name of the company may be required with Ministry of medico for instance. Further details need to be provided regarding the workforce a nd certain deductions may be required from the staff (such as tax) which would need to be deposited with the respected Government bodies. Awareness is required of such rules and regulations. It is always better to consult a lawyer before setting up a new business in an unknown environment.There are certain accounting / consultancy firms which would have a division giving advise on legal and statutory compliance. In case of privation of expertise it is better to approach a lawyer / accounting / consultancy firms. Non compliance with the statute could lead to huge fines and penalty and hamper the success of a new business. fade on Investment Return on Investment (ROI) is calculated as Net Profit divided by the Investment made. The ROI is low in the initial years and is expected to grow on a year on year basis.The ROI needs to be compared with the return that would be earned from substitute(a) business options available. For instance it could be compared with any other source of inc ome such as money earned from investment in the stock market. Similarly the Return On Capital must be greater than the rate of interest earned from a fixed deposit kept with a bank. Staff/ hands Any business requires efficient manpower to succeed. The staff needs to be carefully chosen since they are the ones who could make or break the business. The cost of manpower varies depending on the location of the business and thus this needs to be factored well.The business needs to be set up in a location where there is sufficient availability of manpower both skilled as well as unskilled. This remains one of the key criterias whether the business is going to be run with a staff of 2 or 2,000. Technology It is always better to invest in the best technology at the time of start up itself. Post investment, monitoring of the technology purchased is required. Technology would include plant & machinery as well as latest office equipment. One should not stave off the software required to monit or the business. Choosing optimum software is a challenging task.A technologically advanced business is expected to perform much better in the longer run. All the above factors are important to start a successful business. Compromising any of these factors could hamper the growth. Starting a business these years is very challenging and an all round knowledge of various factors is required to run a successful one. It is important to make a Project calculate on the basis of the above factors before starting a new business. Read more http//bizcovering. com/small-business/10-important-factors-to-consider-before-starting-your-own-business/ixzz2O2yGVG1w

Celebrities and Role Model

1. Celebrities produce a tremendous influence on the young, and for that reason, they consent a debt instrument to act as role models. I agree with the opinion that the celebrities have a responsibility to act as role models. Celebrities have a picky talent that most average people can not do they are athletes, actors, actresses, and singers. They have seen and heard by millions through television, movies, radio, and the internet. And they may be enliven to the young who dream of singing, or acting, celebrities have the spotlight on them because of their high status.In addition, they are not treated like normal people because they have money, fame, and glory. Their popularity is worldwide, and there are millions of children look up to them. Role models can affect children life in so many ways. The young are following the celebrities not only their dress, but also the behaviors and attitude. For example, the children will want to try the smoking and drinking if the celebrities a re always appearance themselves as smoker or drunker.On the other hand, if the celebrities are doing things for the environment, politician, and making the changes for the better will effect and enhance the children to have brighter mind and well-manner. Charles Barkley, a former star on the Phoenix Suns, formerly said, I am not a role model. Just because I dunk a basketball doesnt mean I should raise your kids. Even through, celebrities have a tremendous influence on the young, I also believe that it is the parents responsibility to discuss the celebrities culture and keep the communication open with children.

Video Conferencing

Comp atomic number 18BusinessProducts. com What to Look for in a television set Conferencing System What to Look for in a film Conferencing System Video conferencing has become the next best thing to being there for many businesses. Facilitating face-to-face collaboration for people who atomic number 18 in different locations, it discount jockstrap businesses increase productivity while saving money on business travel expenses. With video conferencing, you can still have dynamic in person meetings and follow presentations and events even if youre on opposite ends of the country, or even in different countries.Video conferencing is also considered a green technology as it eliminates the deoxycytidine monophosphate dioxide emissions that issuance from driving and air travel. But how do you know what to buy for your establishment? The first step in determining this is to understand your main objectives for the dust, including your uptake of goods and services requirements instantly and what they might be over the next 3-5 years. You dont loss to buy more than you need, but you do want a brass that is release to scale with your business.Video conferencing has become the next best thing to being there for many businesses. Facilitating face-to-face collaboration for people who are in different locations, it can help businesses increase productivity while saving money on business travel expenses. With video conferencing, you can still have dynamic in-person meetings and live presentations and events even if youre on opposite ends of the country, or even in different countries.Video conferencing is also considered a green technology as it eliminates the carbon dioxide emissions that result from driving and air travel. But how do you know what to buy for your boldness? The first step in determining this is to understand your main objectives for the ashes, including your usage requirements today and what they might be over the next 3-5 years. You dont want to buy more than you need, but you do want a system that is going to scale with your business. ContentsKey Questions o How Big Is My Audience? o Personal, Group Conferencing, or Both? Key Features to Look For o aristocratic Integration with Your Computer, Network, and unify Communications Systems o Full Video and Audio Capabilities o Recording of Audio, Video, and Data o Flexible and Comprehensive Moderator and Presenter Controls o Customizable, Brand-able o Easy to Install, Easy to Use, and Easy to Maintain o Attentive, Accessible Customer Support o Competitively Priced and Great Value CompareBusinessProducts. com (877) 852-5226 What to Look for in a Video Conferencing System Key Questions How Big Is My Audience? Consider the size of your audience or the maximum number of attendees you will ever have for your video meetings, and who they are. If you propose on having international conferences, youll want to discuss this with your vendor to en certain(a) all networking and equipment standards are compatible. Consider the size of the rooms where attendees will take part in the video conference. Will you have 0-10 participants, up to 100, up to 500 or more?Will attendees mostly watch from their desk surpasss, on a lap top while traveling, on a mobile device, in the board room, in a conference hall, or all of the above? Having a very conduct picture of how the system will be used will enable you to make the right decision. Personal, Group Conferencing, or Both? When it comes to group or in the flesh(predicate) videoconferencing, there is a difference in what youll need. Essentially, all conferencing requires a camera, microphone, speaker, monitor, and a codec, which is a small compression-decompression program that helps large files travel across the Internet quickly.Personal videoconferencing systems are meant to work within an office or home environment and are designed for the personal computer, or now, increasingly, mobile devices. Speakers, mi crophones, and cameras are designed for close ups use and privacy. These systems now enable rich media collaboration, data sharing, and instant messaging. Group conferencing equipment is obviously more complicated, requiring cameras that pan, tilt, and zoom, as well as projectors, large flat panel monitors and a nonher(prenominal) displays, microphone pods, and a variety of speakers.Key Features to Look for in a Video Conferencing System Easy Integration with Your Computer, Network, and Unified Communications Systems Youll want to make sure that the system you buy easily integrates with your existing technologies, including your phone systems, the type of computers employees use, existing flat screen monitors, speakers, etc. Youll want to check to see if the system complies with contemporary standards or if they are proprietary technologies. You want a system that will communicate freely with all new(prenominal) standards-based systems vs. nly with products from the same manufact urer. You dont want to invest in a system that will become obsolete within a short period of time CompareBusinessProducts. com (877) 852-5226 3 What to Look for in a Video Conferencing System Full Video and Audio Capabilities It may seem obvious, but make sure your system can play existent videos during the video conference, not just a PowerPoint presentation or other document. Youll want high definition for best viewing quality.In addition, many systems provide a variety of screen layouts, so that attendees can simultaneously watch a video in one section of the screen, the presenter in another, and attendees in another. The system should have a video gateway that performs the translation between various technology protocols, including audio and video encoding formats used by the other components. When it comes to audio capabilities, make sure the system is going to be versatile and loud enough for your audience to hear it, and that is complies with broad standards.Recording of A udio, Video, and Data Your system should enable you to get down the audio, video, and even data portions of your conference. It can be very useful to record important, interactive presentations to share with others, such as hosting on your companys website Intranet, or even YouTube for later viewing. Flexible and Comprehensive Moderator and Presenter Controls Easy to use and comprehensive suppresss are essential, especially when it comes to live presentations and meetings.Your conference moderator should be able to control whos presenting, what attendees can view and hear, screen resolution, bandwidth, phone call admission, call routing, and more. Youll also want a system that can pass control of the conference to other presenters to create a dynamic and interactive meeting. Controls should also include presentation mode, when the focus needs to be solely on the presentation and not interactive dialogue and desktop sharing for flexibility, for example going back and forth between presentation decks to a website to a video.Customizable, Brand-able While youre purchase this system from a vendor whose brand will undoubtedly be showing up on the equipment, youll also want to make sure your organizations branding appears for your conference so you want a system that is customizable and flexible enough to display your companys look and feel in the presentation and visuals. CompareBusinessProducts. com (877) 852-5226 4 What to Look for in a Video Conferencing System Easy to Install, Easy to Use, and Easy to Mainta in Check to make sure the system is not so complicated that its unusable, or even that some of the key features are not usable.It should have a clear, concise, and easy to use add-in and an intuitive user interface. Many IT people have a knack for learning how to use new technologies. For this reason, have a few others in your organization try it out and use it before buying. Attentive, Accessible Customer Support When it comes to video conferencing, you cannot underestimate how important customer support is including technical support for your system. A video conference is a live event with a live, interactive audience.When something goes wrong, and all too often with new technologies it will its like a dropped phone call during a critical business negotiation but to the 1,000th degree. You want to make sure that you can access support and get solutions ASAP if you have any issues with your equipment or connection. Competitively Priced and Great Value Today, the popularity of video conferencing among businesses has skyrocketed, and hence there are many players who have entered the market.This is good news for buyers because these companies are competing for your business. You want a company that has a good track record of success and one that can prove it with existing customers testimonials, case studies, and references. And as with other parts of your business, be clear about your objectives first and what you aim to achi eve with your video conferencing system, including your return on investment, before you open up your wallet. CompareBusinessProducts. com (877) 852-5226 5

Nursing Career and its Advantages in doing Higher Education Essay

Abstract treat im time is changing every day from ancient gown and cap to colored scrubs. People contain nursing for different debates. I chose this profession because I like to be a role assume for the new nurses. After I gradatory as a Registered Nurse (RN) in 1999 my first tolerant said, If an Angel has dropped from heaven that is you nurse. R.Mariam (personal communication, June, 1999). This sentence inspired me a lot and gave hope in my career. mull satisfaction is an essential part in any profession especi everyy in this field since, we deliberate with life and death and it helps to raise patients safety, performance, quality of care, patients satisfaction and productivity of the organization. Like in any other field, this field also has some frustrations, that facing the worry and coping with frustrations is what helps us to reach the goal.This opus also explains the advantages of doing continuing cultivation since, nursing profession is widely spreading and cha nging every day and it needs highly pendant associationable and competent employees to serve. Keywords care for profession, aider, Job satisfaction, patients safety, quality of care, performance, productivity, frustrations, and continuing education. treat Career and its Advantages in doing Higher didacticsNursing is an art, science and profession by which we render care for the patients irrespective of all ages, religion, caste or gender who are acutely ill and in critical condition. Nurses around the world make the largest meeting of wellness professionals. They are the back bone of the healthcare system. Nurses are not only providing care for the patients, still they are also responsible for the emotional welfare of patients and their families too.Career as a Critical Care NurseWhen I was a kid, I continuously wanted to pursue a career in nursing or medical field. I have a sister who is a nurse. At the age of 19 years in India, Idecided to go for nursing degree and I gradu ated as a Registered Nurse in 1999. Nursing profession touched me a lot and it make my career raise. I started my career as an Operating Room scrub nurse and circulating nurse. It was interesting everyday by not only taking care of the patients, but also managing the in operation(p) fashion activities, ensuring that the equipments are safe and sterilized, equipments are properly audited and consent forms were filled and signed by concerned members of the family. It is very crucial to be an operating style nurse, as the entire procedure depends on the efficiency and job knowledge. It is the responsibility of the nurse to be the mediator between the patients, families and the physicians. Being an operating room nurse I did not have much interaction with my patients.Al well-nigh all patients in operating room gets general anesthesia. As an OR nurse, I felt I am not interacting with the patients wellhead and I am not fulfilling my job as a nurse completely. After few years, I decid ed to become an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurse. Transition from OR to ICU nurse was minute hard for me initially, but I enjoy working with the patients and casting enough time with them and their families. At times, I have to be an advocate between the patients, families and doctors because we deal with critically ill patients.Reason for Motivation to pass in NursingAccording to Locke and Lantham (2002), Personal goals play an important part in direction and criminal maintenance of behaviors which is needed to achieve rewards. People who are confident, deliberate in their ability to achieve goal and believe that the attainment of goal get out lead to successful career are the ones able to complete their parturiency effectively to reach their goals (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994).Nursing profession is one of the widely expanding fields that call for passion correspond to (Raye, L. 2006). It is a ethical choice for people who find themselves more comfortable and satisfied in circumstances people who are in need to maintain and achieve normal health. Nursing offers wide variation of opportunities according to each individuals interests such as critical care unit, labor and delivery, pediatrics, geriatrics, telemetry, med-surg, oncology, infectious diseases, pain clinic, outpatient clinic and so forth And alsoit offers continuing education and competencies to keep the knowledge and skills up-to-date (Raye, L.2006). It offers flexible working hours such as three twelve hour shifts or four ten hour shifts (Blanche, J.2010). And due to the availability and shortage for nurses it offers incentive and bonuses for extra hours. It is a lifetime career which is flexible and rewarding. If we lose jobs in one horizon in that location are lots of available jobs in the market for talented individuals.It is also well-paying job with good benefits such as tuition reimbursement for higher education, medical benefits, life insurance and child care. Overall it is fle xible. The reason why I have chosen nursing career was, a nurse who inspired me in my life and my interest towards, caring for human beings. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (1998, 2008) and the National League for Nursing (2007) identified caring as the foundation for nursing. At the age of 15 years old, my public address system had a massive heart attack and he was in Intensive care unit. He was intubated, on the ventilator, with so many drips infusing, with monitor alarming all the time. My whole family was very upset and hopeless. The nurse who took care of my daddy was very dedicated , honest and very knowledgeable , she went above and beyond in helping us in that situation, keeping track of vital signs, maintaining his breathing, keeping him hemodinamically stable, giving back care, mouth care, sponge can and giving emotional support to the family and explaining whats is going on with him.Few days later my dad died in the hospital but the nurse who took care of my dad stayed in my mind. Since then I always wanted to be a nurse who is caring, attentive to the emotional wellbeing of the patients and their families, providing emotional support because family impersonate trust and self-respect in our hands. They want us to keep their loved ones comfortable, pain free and monitored all the time and not left alone. My passion for nursing grew when a patient or family member smiles at me and say Thank you, it enlightens me and lights up my day with more energy and spirit.Frustrations in Nursing ProfessionThe to the highest degree important thing that frustrates me is the charting. Now most of the hospitals are computerized, but some hospitals still do paper charting and add more and more paper work every day. This means I have to overstep more time doing paper charting than taking care of the patients.Sometimes we are short staffed and we have to do not only the registered nurse jobs, but we also have to be a house steward doing accidental cleaning, secretary entering orders, patient care tech, Phlebotomist doing lab draws and also calling doctors with the patients lab and radiology results if we dont see them on rounds. These are the thing which frustrates me, because it reduces the time which we spend for the patient care. Overall, Frustrations are common and it can happen in any other field but the nature of frustration may differ.Advantages due to addition Education in my Career1. Now most hospitals in New Jersey prefer Bachelors degree in nursing and there is a global shortage for nurses, it gives us job security (Blanche, J.2010). 2. It offers potential high income for well qualified employees. 3. More choice availability to go back to school to continue in higher education for nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetist and nurse educator. 4. It also helps us to interact with the other hospital nurses and health care professionals in classes which help me to improve patient care and make my job more enjoyable. 5. I t gives knowledge and skills in critical cerebration in assessment and problem solving in everyday practice. 6. It offers luck to be a mentor for the new nurses and to be a resource nurse. 7. By doing Bachelors degree in nursing, I am sure by the end of the course I will be well trained in areas such as effective communication, leadership and critical thinking which is very important in todays nursing practice as well as it is necessary for administrative position, research and teaching.ReferencesAmerican Association of Colleges of Nursing. (1998). The essentials of baccalaureate education for professional nursing practice. Washington, DC Author. American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2008). The essentials of baccalaureate education for professional nursing practice. Washington, DC Author. Blanche, J. (2010). 10 reasons a nursing degree is a good best in education today. Retrieved from http//www.nurses-forum.com/blog/246/10-reasons-a-nursing-degree-is-a-good-bet-in-education -today/ Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002).

Lesson Plan for Student Centered Learning Strategies

Learning Strategies Lesson Learning Strategies Lesson According to Dr. Deshler, most school-age childs begin to experience a performance gap in the fifth grade (Laureate Education, Inc. , 2012a). The bridge to close this gap is built by changing the pedagogy of the teacher and the reading strategies of the students. The learning strategies taught to the students enable them to develop into independent thinkers and learners (Friend & Bursuck, 2009). Student-centered learning incorporates in force(p) learning strategies with the mathematics curriculum and provides students with the opines to meet their potential.Every sixth grade student learns to transition from propagation with numbers to variables. This transition also includes a development from the distributive property of a monomial times a binomial to the product of two binomials. Finding the product of two binomials can be a pall task, unless students be presented the material in connection with a learning strategy that they are able to master. The lesson, constitute in the appendix, is designed to facilitate the evolution of multiplication of monomials and binomials.It was taught to one struggling seventh grade student who is the product of social passing throughout her mathematical career. The mathematics was written to help the young lady succeed, despite other mathematical shortcoming that could stand in her way. The lesson was designed to begin with a reassessment of mathematical vocabulary and the distributive property. Students learn better when new concepts are anchored to known or beaten(prenominal) ideas. The young lady has a solid understanding of the distributive property, but struggles with vocabulary.The warm-up program and military action 1 provide the opportunity to align the vocabulary with the process that she has already mastered. This prior knowledge was thusly completed under a guided practice, with the student summarizing the process in her own words freehanded her owner ship of the concept. The next step in the lesson was to connect the distributive property to multiplying binomials. Although this is an rough-and-ready method for simplifying these products, it requires more writing and can be time consuming. With these hindrances in mind, the lesson moved into teaching the multiplication of binomials using the blow strategy. go bad stands for the product of the First wrong plus the product of the Outer call plus the product of the interior(a) terms plus the product of the snuff it terms. The lesson connected these products to the corresponding letters of the word. Another method was taught during the FOIL process and this method was the quickest for her to acquire. It entailed drawing the lines to connect the First terms, the Outer terms, the Inner terms and the Last terms. When drawn above and below the binomials, the lemonhead face is formed.After numerous examples of these methods were practiced, the student completed some on her own. At the end of our time together, she went home with 10 problems assigned through our online mathematics program, Digits. Her score showed that she correctly worked 8 out of 10 problems correctly. Upon looking at her mistakes, both were errors in multiplying positive and negative numbers. According to Benson (2012), student-centered learning promotes authentic learning, helps students develop critical thinking skills and increases metacognitive awareness.By working through a well-developed lesson, teachers have the opportunity to teach, mannequin and cue the use of various student-centered learning strategies (Laureate Education, Inc. , 2012 b). Students, with and without special needs, struggle to attain the skills learned throughout their educational careers. By becoming strategic learners, students are able to move past their difficulties through the incorporation of effective learning strategies. References Benson, S. (2012). The Relative Merits of PBL (Problem-Based Learning) in U niversity Education. Online Submission. Retrieved April 2, 2013.Friend, M. , & Bursuck, W. D. (2009). Including students with special needs A practical guide for classroom teachers (5th Ed. ). speeding Saddle River, NJ Merrill. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012a). Content Enhancements. Webcast. Baltimore Author. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012b). Learning Strategies. Webcast. Baltimore Author. Appendix Lesson Plan- Multiplication of binomials Standard 6. EE. A. 3 Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions Warm-Up Problem (WUP) What do the following words mean?Product, sum, difference, binomial, increased by, decreased by Rewrite as 3(1+-2x) Rewrite as 3(1+-2x) Activity 1 analyse the Distributive Property Directions Multiply Ex. 1 4(5x + 7)Ex. 2 3(1 2x) 4(5x) + 4(7) 3(1) + 3(-2x) Rewrite as -8(-1+-9x) Rewrite as -8(-1+-9x) 20x + 28 3 + -6x = 3 6x Ex. 3 -2(6x + 11)Ex. 4 -8(-1 9x) -2(6x) + -2(11) -8(-1) + -8(-9x) - 12x + -22 = -12x 22 8 + 72x Activity 2 soften these on your own (OYO) OYO 1 -5(x 10)OYO 2 Write a brief summary of -5 (1x + -10)how to use the distributive property. 5(1x) + -5 (-10) -5x + 50 Activity 3 Multiply two binomials using the distributive property Ex. 5 (3x + 4)(x + 5)Ex. 6 (x + 3)(x 12) 3x(x + 5) + 4(x + 5) x(x 12) + 3(x 12) 32 + 15x + 4x + 20 x2 12x + 3x -36 32 + 19x + 20 x2 9x 36 (Continued on next page) Ex. 7 (3 2x)(2 3x)Ex. 8 (x + 2)(5x 6) 3(2 + -3x) + -2x(2 + -3x) x(5x + 6) + 2(5x + -6) 6 + -9x + -4x + 62 52 +-6x + 10x + -12 62 + -13x + 6 5 x2 + 4x 12Activity 4 Try these on your own (OYO) OYO 3 (3x -1)(2x + 5)OYO 4 (x + 4)(x 12) 3x(2x + 5) + -1(2x + 5) x(x + -12) + 4(x + -12) 62 + 15x + -2x + -5 x2 + -12x + 4x + -48 62 + 13x + -5 x2 + -8x + 48 Activity 5 Multiply two binomials using FOIL (x + a)(x+b) F multiply the FIRST terms in the parentheses + O multiply the OUTSIDE terms in the parentheses + I multiply the INSIDE terms in the parentheses + L mult iply the LAST terms in the parentheses Ex. 9 (3x + 4)(x + 5)Ex. 0 (x + 3)(x 12) = (x + 3) (x + -12) F + O + I + LF + O + I + L (3x)(x) + (3x)(5) + (4)(x) + (4)(5) (x)(x) + (x)(-12) + (3)(x) + (3)(-12) 32 + 15x + 4x + 20 x2 + -12x + 3x + -36 32 + 19x + 20 x2 + -9x + -36 Ex. 11 (3 2x)(2 3x)Ex. 12 (x + 2)(5x 6) (3 + -2x) (2 + -3x) (x+2)(5x+ -6) F + O + I + LF + O + I + L (3)(2) + (3)(-3x) + (-2x)(2) + (-2x)(-3x) x)(5x) + (x)(-6) + (2)(5x) + (2)(-6) 6 + -9x + -4x + 62 52 +-6x + 10x + -12 62 + -13x + 6 5 x2 + 4x + -12 Activity 6 Try these on your own (OYO) OYO 5 (3x -1)(2x + 5)OYO 6 (x + 4)(x 12) (3x + -1)(2x + 5) (x + 4) (x + -12) F + O + I + LF + O + I + L (3x)(2x) + (3x)(5) + (-1)(2x) + (-1)(5) (x)(x) + (x)(-12) + (4)(x) + (4)(-12) 62 + 15x + -2x + -5 x2 + -12x + 4x + -48 62 + 13x + -5 x2 + -8x + 48Activity 7 Applications Christina has a square garden. When she increases her gardens breadth by 3 meters and decreases its length by 4 meters, the gardens area is 60 m2. What are th e dimensions of the garden before she changed everything? Step 1 Draw a picture and label X+3 X+3 X X X-4 X-4 X X Step 2 Write an comparability A = L * W 60 = (x+3)(x-4) Step 3 Guess and Check (answer is 9 m)

Dublin

Curriculum Vitae Personal Name Thomas O Hare Date of birth 6/7/1991 Address 26 Church field jam Mobile 0861785352 Skerries Home 01-8491993 Co. Dublin emailprotected com Education Third Level Dublin Institute of Technology, College of Business, Aungier Street, Dublin 2 2010-2014 B. Sc. n Retail and Services Management Core Subjects Management Information Technology economics invoice Marketing Services Retail Management Corporate Finance Logistics Electives Marketing Communications and geographic Information Systems (year 3) Second Level Skerries Community College, Skerries, Co.Dublin 2004-2010 Leaving certificate Maths (P) B3 Irish (P) B2 English (H) C2 french (P) B2 Home Economics (H) C2 Business (H) B3 History (H) B2 Work Experience August 2010- Present (seasonal work) Aiken Promotions Stage actor Duties As a stage worker with Aiken promotions I was heavily involved with the setting up of and the victorious down of the concert stage.This involves wearing safety equipment while working. Most of the work involved a standoff of heavy lifting and long hours. We have to report to our manager in the morning to sign in and as well as sign out at the end of the day. June 2010- September 2010 Customer Service Attendant Dundrum Town substance Duties I worked as a customer service attendant in the car park in Dundrum Town Centre. My duties were to serve customers to the best of my ability. This sometimes involved showing customers around the shopping centre as a lot of people got lost.My main duties were helping customers out in the car park, replacing tickets at the entrances and exits of the car park and being on hand to report any incidents of anti-social behaviour while in addition doing my utmost to keep the car park clean. On busy days I had to coordinate avocation coming in and out of the town centre. March 2008- June 2008 Child minder Skerries Creche Duties My main duties include looking after and ensuring the welfare of children aged between one and eight years old.I had to organise games and minute events for the children. Skills Computer Literacy Highly competent in the following packages Microsoft Word Microsoft PowerPoint Internet Microsoft Excel SPSS Email address I have a decent understanding of the Irish and French languages as I canvass both of them up until I left secondary school.Hobbies and involutions I have a keen interest in rugby and GAA and have win numerous medals most notably a Leinster League discussion section 1A medal and an all-Ireland Round Robin winning medal with Skerries RFC in 2012. I have also won a minor championship medal with Skerries Harps in 2009. I currently endure for Skerries RFC Seniors who compete in division 2b of the Ulster Bank All Ireland League. I also enjoy when I have the time to play rugby for my college DIT. I enjoy cooking and learning about all types of food in normal in my spare time as I had affection for it when I studied Home Economics in secondary school.I also try to keep up with current affairs as to not fall to far behind with todays society. I have huge enthusiasm for harmony and live gigs, in particular electronica and dance music. I have been too many festivals around Ireland and destine to travel to many more around the world. Referees Mr Kevin O Riordan emailprotected ie Principal Skerries Community College Mr Bill Dwan Bill. emailprotected ie Tutor/Geographic information systems lecturer DIT Aungier Street

Urban Enterprise Zones

round policies that could promote economic growth are evaluate rebates, lowering interest lays and developing urban Enterprise Zones (UEZs). Providing rebates on home purchases, appliances and home upgrades encourages people to spend money. Lower interest rates live on to stimulate home sales, credit card loans and investment in the stock market. UEZs offer lower tax rates, encouraging people to shop and spend money.2) Schumpeters creative destruction describes how long-term economic growth is sustain by innovative entrepreneurs even when established companies are destroyed. This is slight likely to occur in less developed countries because there are less entrepreneurs with less available funds than developed countries. This allows older companies, sometimes even monopolies, to maintain their position in the market.3) With reductions in government spending on higher education, the rate of growth in the United States will surely drop. Less government funding means many students will no longer be able to afford the toll of tuition.This leads to an unskilled workforce and a downturn in economic growth. Less funding could also translate to lower quality in public colleges and universities. Many people rely on these institutions for respected degrees at a lower cost than private schools. This too would lead to less college graduates and again, an unskilled workforce.

Urban Planning Essay Proposal

plan INITIATIVES GOALS AND DETROIT urban AGRICULTURE OUTCOMES A relation Assignment 5 Reviewed Proposal Zoe Pearce, 6777341 To Zahra Azizi Urbs 240 1 PLANNING INITIATIVES GOALS AND DETROIT URBAN AGRICULTURE OUTCOMES A COMPARISON 2 This paper result examine the urban agriculture strawman currently taking place in Detroit, Michigan and how it is having an effect on the urban center that the goals and motivations of historic planning initiatives strived to achieve.This paper will aim to shed light on why urban agriculture is an important and relevant new bea to be studied and taken into consideration by governments and city planners for the betterment of future cities and the plans that will shape them. I will be utilizing the components of two styles of strain writing compare and contrast and categorize and explain.I will be comparing the desired outcomes and motivations that drove historical planning initiatives (of which I will explain in more detail to follow) to the actual o utcomes and effects that citizen-initiated urban agriculture is having on the communities and individual citizens in Detroit. I will categorize by assigning for each one body paragraph a historical movement and explain each ones goals, then compare these to the outcomes witnessed in Detroit.This comparison reveals that the goals of famous and major historical planning initiatives are being fulfilled by the government agency of the movement of UA in Detroit, planners should use the findings of Detroit as a tool to understand how they can replicate it in other plans to stimulate similar results. I will begin by developing the contextual reasons for the movement in Detroit and stating facts gathered through research. This will include the population and job losses that occurred due to the slouch of the car industry and how the led to the state the city is now in.I will then introduce what exactly is happening in Detroit in terms of urban agriculture (UA). This will lead PLANNING IN ITIATIVES GOALS AND DETROIT URBAN AGRICULTURE OUTCOMES A COMPARISON 3 to the description of positive effects it is having on the citizens and communities. These include wellness benefits, educational benefits, raising morale, job creation, self empowerment, safety, efficient use of space (Thibert, 2012).Many of these interrelate with each other, so I will be creating broader categories into which they will fit. Each category will be discussed individu bothy in each body paragraph, but the later paragraphs will also draw conclusions that incorporate effects from anterior paragraphs because many of the effects are interrelated. I have not decided exactly the order in which I will introduce the ideas, but knowing my own writing method, it will come together in the writing process. Cutting and pasting will surely be necessary.The historical planning initiatives I will be examining are as follows City Beautiful, motivated by citizens at the individual level to stimulate healthy neigh borhoods and happy citizens Parks and Playground, motivated by getting children off the streets and into safer areas Garden City, one of the non-homogeneous goals being earning revenue by efficiently placing agricultural work close to the front doors of the workers Henri Saint-Simon, who wanted to mitigate morale to create better societies (Booth, 1871 Howard, 1902 McArthur, 1975 Peterson, 2003).I will emphasize that the key points to be taken from my paper are not the means of how the initiatives were (intended to be) implemented, but the goals of why the initiative was created. I will conclude my paper by recapping my main arguments, and also stating the relevance of my findings. UA in Detroit is creating healthy, happier and safer communities and neighborhoods. This should be analyzed by city policy makers and urban planners to learn how this is happening and why so these positive effects can be replicated elsewhere in future plans.Lastly, I will mention the implications of thi s paper by mentioning the new attitude towards food PLANNING INITIATIVES GOALS AND DETROIT URBAN AGRICULTURE OUTCOMES A COMPARISON 4 and food culture that is being developed in Detroit, and that if it could be replicated elsewhere in the get together States, it could have larger scale positive effects on the crisis of obesity. I began my research by exploring the Concordia Clues dada base, the e-journals Urban History, Planning Perspectives and the database Jstor. Initially I was only spirit for information on urban agriculture in Detroit.It was difficult to find articles on this topic, so I watched the documentary Urban Roots. This gave me an understanding of the effects average citizens involved in UA felt. The academic quality of this base is not as important, because the information I will be taking from this source is not objective, quite it is subjective, qualitative opinions. I then spoke to the professor, Catherine Vandermeulen about my issues finding academic sources sh e advised me about an excellent paper written by a PhD student and professional Urban Planner, Joel Thibert.His paper explained that the discipline of UA in North America is new and there is little literature on it. His paper is also base on interviews he personally conducted with citizens involved with UA and their opinions, so between the academic source and the documentary, I had demonstrate enough information for which to base my UA portion of the paper. Next I had to find the historical references. I already knew which concepts I wanted to discuss because of learning about them within the previous 2 months in the course this paper is to be submitted for.I used the same means of internet searching as I did for the sign Detroit search. I read through multiple articles on each movement until I found ones that soundly discussed the motivations and goals of the movements, and had the potential to be quoted. I made sure they came of reputable sources. I knew already I would be using the actual text written by Ebenezer Howard, so I simply had to find that, which I did via Google Scholar. I PLANNING INITIATIVES GOALS AND DETROIT URBAN AGRICULTURE OUTCOMES A COMPARISON ound a biography on Henri Saint-Simon which is super in depth about his entire life, published by a reputable publisher. The specific sources chosen can be found in the reference section below. More detail on all of my sources can be found in my annotated bibliography. 5 PLANNING INITIATIVES GOALS AND DETROIT URBAN AGRICULTURE OUTCOMES A COMPARISON References Booth, J. A. (1871). Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism A chapter in the history of socialism in France. London, England Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. Howard, E. (1902). Garden cities of to-morrow (pp. 9-29). Retrieved from openlibrary. rg/ books/OL20551099M/Garden_Cities_of_Tomorrow. McArthur, B. (1975). The Chicago playground movement A neglected feature of social justice. Social Service Review, 49(3), 376-395. Peterson, J. A. (2003) . The birth of city planning in the United States,1840-1917 (pp. 98-122). Balitmore, MD Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from http//ohdl. handle. net. mercury. concordia. ca/2027/heb. 05838. 0001. 001. Thibert, J. (2012). Making local planing work for urban agriculture in the North American context A view from the ground. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 32(3), 349-357. 6