Psycotropic Drugs Used in Children

A report on the use of Psychotropic drugs used to control active children Lauren L. Dewar April 20, 2010 Introduction At eleven years of age, Thomas Edison was taken out of school because his teachers considered him difficult and he â€Å"could not be taught. † While in school Edison’s mind often wandered and his teacher was overheard calling him â€Å"addled. † Another labeled him as retarded. This ended his three months of official schooling. Because of this Thomas’s mother home schooled him and taught him math, reading, and writing. He then went on to become one of the greatest inventors of all times.In today’s â€Å"find a cure† society Thomas Edison would have most definitely been put on the now very popular medications Ritalin, Adderall, or Prozac. These are mind-altering psychotropic drugs used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Taking that into consideration, one might ask themselves that if Thomas had indeed been put on these medications, would he have ever been capable of experimenting and discovering his great inventions? After analyzing the data, this report will make it clear that children should not be prescribed such mind altering medications to control their activeness.It will be clear that these drugs have serious short and long-term side effects, sometimes even death. Through research it will also be clear that there is no diagnosis for ADHD and that the checklist doctors go by to diagnose ADHD is not enough proof of a disease that needs to be medicated. This report includes four sections: background information, my methodology, results of the study, and conclusion and recommendations. Background Information For starters, there is no scientific basis for diagnosing ADHD.Often times it is the school counselor or social workers who are simply not equipped to make mental health assessments making the ADHD diagnoses (Williams). Simply, if a child is observed to be acting bored, distracted a nd/or boisterous in the classroom , he or she is often believed to be suffering from ADHD, as opposed to suffering from, say, childhood (Williams). Recent reports suggest a trend of increasing prevalence of psychotropic drug prescriptions among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, reasons for increased use of medications is unclear (Guevara).Through my research I also found that children as young as the age of two are being placed on these medications. So now the â€Å"terrible two’s† is being replaced with â€Å"children with behavioral problems. † The rest of my report will focus on statistics, short and long-term effects, and alternatives. I will also go over the history of the use of drugs to control children’s behavior. A Brief History â€Å"Werry (1999) noted that the use of drugs to control children’s behavior is an old practice.From the use of brandy to soothe infants to other sedating drugs such as barbi turates and opiates, children have been administered psychotropic agents as long as such agents have existed; however, research on such practices dates only to the early 20th century† (Ingersoll). Methodology My methodology was mostly research though Academic Search Complete. I researched articles on statistics, procedures, diagnoses, and individual stories of real life people who have dealt with these drugs and ADHD. I also researched drug free alternatives to controlling ADHD or Hyperactivity in children. Results of Study 1.Studies show that it is estimated that between 6 million and 8 million children have been prescribed Ritalin to treat the still scientifically unproven â€Å"mental illness† called ADHD. â€Å"This widespread doping in turn has increased concern that that school age children are being drugged to control their behavior† (O'Meara, Hyper-Drugging of Active Kids). I also found in my research that in 1985, there was an astonishing 500,000 cases. Not even five years later that number jumped to 7,000,000. â€Å"According to The Times, in the year 2000 close to 20 million prescriptions were written for ADD medicines like Ritalin† (Null, 2001).Today, one in every thirty between the ages of 5 and 19 has a prescription of Ritalin. Believe it or not, the number of prescribed toddlers between ages 2 and 4 has doubled or even tripled since 1991. They have now replaced the â€Å"terrible two’s† with â€Å"children with behavioral problems. † It is between the ages of 2 through 4 that the human brain goes through major maturing and developing stages. To have these children this young on these psychotropic drugs should bother any rational thinking parents, teachers, and doctors. 2. Unfortunately, if you think the statistics are bad, the side effects are catastrophic.Through my studies I found that these side effects include decreased appetit, insomnia, anxiousness or fearfulness, irritability, decreased spon taneity, depression, headaches, stomach aches, tics (e. g. , twitches, jerks, blinks, and squints), skin rash, embarrassment, psychosis, and even fatal overdoses. They are also an early training into drug addiction. Looking then at the risk of abuse potential for stimulants later in life, Fone and Nutt state that â€Å"†¦the oral, rather than the intravenous, route of administration of methylphenidate limits abuse potential owing to lower bioavailability and increased (first-pass) metabolism† (Leonard).So the question posed is why parents would and schools want to take the risks of these medications with their children? 3. Studies show that there is no actual diagnosis for ADHD. Fred Baughman, a child neurologist, researcher and staunch critic of ADHD diagnoses, tells Insight, â€Å"It is my duty as a doctor to know whether patients have a disease and whether previously rendered diagnoses, such as ADHD, are proven diseases. I have been unable to validate or demonstrate a disease or objective physical abnormality in children said to have ADHD.Finding no objective physical abnormality, including a chemical one, means they have no disease; they are physically, medically and neurologically normal† (O'Meara, Hyper-Drugging of Active Kids) Fig 1: Percentage of children who did and did not have ADHD and received pharmacy fills for nonstimulant psychotropic medications. All categories of medications between children who did and did not have ADHD were statistically significant (P < . 001) by ? [sup2] test. The probability of nonstimulant use by category of neurobehavioral disorder was estimated (Table 3).Among children of the same category of age, gender, mental health service use, and non-ADHD disorder, children who were identified as having ADHD were more likely to receive TCAs (adjusted OR: 12. 4; 95% CI: 7. 6-20. 3), SSRIs (adjusted OR: 4. 3; 95% CI: 2. 7-6. 9), and [alpha] adrenergic agonists (adjusted OR: 32. 0; 95% CI: 17. 3-59. 4) than wer e children who did not have ADHD. Similarly, children who had internalizing disorders were more likely to receive TCAs (adjusted OR: 25. 3; 95% CI: 6. 1-104. ) and SSRIs (adjusted OR: 75. 2; 95% CI: 26. 7-211. 7) than were children who did not have internalizing disorders. Children who had tic disorders were more likely to receive [alpha] adrenergic agonists (adjusted OR: 215. 2; 95% CI: 21. 5-2157. 9) [ (Guevara) ]. Implications of Results After researching the use of the psychotropic drugs in children, it is clear that it is not safe. Parents, counselors, and social workers need to research and come together to find safe alternatives to dealing with their â€Å"active† children.The studies have proven the dangers of these medications and the guidelines for the ability to prescribe such medications. Conclusion & Recommendations * I would recommend that the Child Advocacy Center and social workers take more time figuring out the real psychological problems of these childr en and deal with them more through counseling and mentoring. A lot of these children’s problems or neediness comes from unstable homes and busy parents who don’t take the time to spend extra time with their children. These children are just simply reaching out for attention and love.They act out as a way to get attention not realizing that the attention they are receiving because of it is bad attention. This is not their fault; after all they are just children. It is us parents, teachers, counselors and social workers who must teach them the differences between good attention and bad attention. And them as children should not have to fight, beg, or act out for attention. I would also recommend that the parents get their children more involved in extra-curricular activities so that they can release some the energy naturally and gain confidence.A change in diet could also work, less sugar and more health foods. I also believe that the parents should spend more time with their children so that their children can gain the feeling of self worthiness and respect. One last recommendation I would like to point out is that the courts and higher authority get more involved in such cases and put a limitation to the prescribing of these harmful drugs and to the ages to which they are prescribed. * This study clearly shows how unhealthy it can be to put your child on these psychotropic drugs.With a little more effort as a society we can raise our children to be national leaders and teach them how to thrive for success. Sedating active children is absolutely not the answer. This study also clearly shows that there needs to be a more legit FDA approved way to diagnose ADHD and to prescribe medications is there is such a disease. With technology today it should be easy for scientists to come up with some sort of brain scan or blood check to determine such cases.We as adults must take into consideration that these children who are being highly medicated at such y oung ages, are going to be the children who take care of us as elders. What will the future be to us and to them once they become our doctors, nurses, bankers, etc? What will our future hold for us if we don’t fix the problems at hand now and stop drugging our children? We must let them be children and stop sedating them because we are too busy or too lazy to let them be children. Appendix:Works Cited Guevara, James. Psychotropic Medication Use in a Population of Children Who Have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. † (2002): 1. Leonard, Henrietta L. , M. D. â€Å"Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology UPDATE. † Stimulants, Development and Substance Abuse 7. 5 (2005): 3. Null, Gary. â€Å"The Drugging of Our Children. † (2001). O'Meara, Kelly Patricia. â€Å"Hyper-Drugging of Active Kids. † Insight on the News (2001): 1-3. Plasker, Eric H. â€Å"Today's Chiropractic. † (1997): 1-5. Williams, Armstrong. â€Å"The Drugging of America. † New York Amsterdam News (2004): 1-2.

Checkpoint: Evaluating Communication Strategies

Resources: pp. 195–210, 214–220, & 223–226 in Ch. 5 of Human Services in Contemporary America Answer the following questions in 200 to 300 words:†¢ What would you need to learn or know about each of your clients in order to communicate effectively with them? The text explains that culture/religion should be on a human service workers list of things to know. There are many different types of cultures and beliefs that go along with those cultures. For instance, there are cultures that believe it is ok to abuse the woman and while as human service workers, we do not agree, that is their culture and it is our job to help them see that it is not acceptable in the United States and there are consequences for violence against any human being especially domestic violence. I also believe that a human service worker should know what kind of lifestyle the person was raised in or where they grew up (i.e. the projects, ghetto, wealthy area, a different country etc).†¢ What strategies or techniques do you believe would be the best approach to take when communicating with each of these clients? I believe that being compassionate, empathetic, and genuineness is good approaches to communicating with clients. I also feel that being able to communicate well and listening are also good approaches to clients.†¢ How might you need to adapt your communication approach from one individual to the next? Every single person is different which means there are different personalities, cultures, religions and beliefs. While we may not always agree with the person we are trying to help, we need to be able to put ourselves in their shoes or at least know something about the person so that we can decide what the best way to help the person is.There are also different situations in which the worker should be able to adapt to. For example, one day I may work with a child who has serious mental health issues in which they may have a serious personality disorder and the next day I may work with a rape victim and my approach will change from case to case.

Analytic Philosophy Is Not A Systematic Philosophy Essay -- Education, L

â€Å"The use of analytic philosophy in education has some direct bearing on students, but perhaps it is most useful for educators in helping clarify what they propose to teach† (Ozmon Craver, 2008, p265). While the idea is well intentioned, the problem in today’s society is that teachers do not have much academic freedom and they are not well trained in analyzing their own curriculum. Today’s educational system is very much entrenched in standards and rote memorization of concepts. Teachers are expected to achieve certain scores on standardized tests or suffer from scrutiny from government entities or their school administrators. This need to teach an overabundance of standards has resulted in a system where teachers are con... ... middle of paper ... ... Craver, 2008, p267). One could argue that the analytic is exactly what our students are missing in order to become the best they can be. We are producing students who lack the skills to think critically. The focus on learning how to use language and understand it is essential to creating the mind that is capable of dissecting all the messages they encounter in a meaningful way. In the classroom, analysts are concerned about materials and methods and believe that both need to be scrutinized. Unfortunately, as long as our public education institutions are dependent upon government funding to offer their programs, the restrictions and constraints that come along with accepting that money will hinder the analytic process. While the analytic philosophy could have a profound effect on our educational system, our current structure just will not allow it to take hold.

Directors Duties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Directors Duties - Essay Example Directors exercise these powers by passing resolutions at board meetings. In the prevailing scenario where Wendy and Greg are directors of the block Ltd, there is a breach of directors' duties. Therefore the directors will be held liable for their acts. In this regard there is breach of:- The directors' of a company are expected to perform their functions with reasonable care and attention. They must discharge their duties and obligations with skill and diligence as expected from a reasonable person of his knowledge and experience. They (directors) are however not liable for bonafide error of judgment as observed by Romer J. in Re City Equitable fire insurance company 3. In this case the company collapsed due to bad investments and bad debts and misappropriation caused by fraudulent acts of a director. The company suffered a loss to the tune of 1,200,000 are eventually was ordered to be would up. The director was convicted for his fraud and negligence. He was however acquitted in appeal because of an exception clause in the articles to hold directors liable only for gross negligence. In Jorchester finance Co. Ltd v. ... hat the duty of care extends uniformly to all directors whether they are executive on directors of a company were held liable for the loss caused to the company due to their negligence in signing blank cheques which enabled the executive directors to enter the amount as they pleased in those cheques _______________ 3. Dr. H.V. Paranjape, Company law, 2000 4. Wardman, K. Abbott, Business law, 2001 . As regards the standard of care and skill expected from directors in performance of their duties, courts seem to unanimously agree that it is that of a reasonable person who with the same knowledge and experience would exercise in the situation. However, a distinction has been drawn between the standard of care and the standard of skill. For assessing a standard of care, the test of objective, while for the standard of skill is subjective. In this regard Wendy and Greg never exercised duty of care and skill. We are told that at the general meeting they failed to take suggestions of Kirstein and other Shareholders who were concerned about the company's expansion yet there was a fall in apartment prices. Further Greg's order of 50,000 from Alfonzo was not in good faith since name of the directors or shareholders was informed of the loan. Therefore the two directors Wendy and Greg lacked the duty of skill and care towards the company. b) Fiduciary Duties The duties of good faith and honesty arising out of fiduciary the fiduciary relationship between the director and his company are analogous to those of a trustee. The law imposes these duties upon the directors so that they are not allowed 'capitalize strategic position in the company to serve their own interests5' The Australian, uniform Companies Act has incorporated statutory provisions containing an explicit

Luhrmann's William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Being a Major Movie Review

Luhrmann's William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Being a Major Departure from Shakespeare's Original Work - Movie Review Example Innovation is presented for a more marketable modern audience while retaining the old Shakespearean themes, such as love versus hate, youth versus age, and destiny versus determination. Despite its tremendous success, critiques ranged from admiration to disgust (â€Å"Romeo and Juliet: Of its Time and of Ours†). Nevertheless, Luhrmann has ultimately given the audience what is possibly the most dedicated of all film adaptations in upholding the persona of both Shakespeare and his play. As Shakespeare probably projected, all succeeding adaptations would be free-spirited and packed with the younger generation’s impulsivity; a challenge to power; and a rebellion. The boldness and extremism of Luhrmann's wild editing, spectacular art direction and humor rebel against authority and sensibility and likewise matched the bravado of the lead characters, Romeo and Juliet (â€Å"Romeo and Juliet: Of its Time and of Ours†). ... The director shot scenes at great angles and always-moving camera effects and used unusual shooting memos such as "macro slam zoom" and "distorted out-of-focus close-up," to provide a more or less frenzied energy. Rap, modern hip-hop, rock, electric guitar, Western sound themes and Latin chants throughout the movie give a characteristically teenaged attitude (â€Å"Romeo and Juliet: Of its Time and of Ours†). Shakespeare, according to Luhrmann, used every musical variety and poetry to satisfy the much diversified viewers in the Globe Theater. In the 1996 adaptation, Luhrmann echoes this in his film, informs the public against the foolishness of meaningless family disputes and cleverly revises it for the 20th century, however, preserving its crucial ethical fight as it relates easily to the young audiences (Gibbs). â€Å"Poetry is the most effective means of instruction, as poetry can â€Å"teach†¦not only by delivering forth his very being, his causes and effects, but a lso by making known his enemy, vice, which must be destroyed, and his cumbersome servant, passion, which much be mastered† (Duncan-Jones 220). Although much of the Shakespearean poetry is lost in Luhrmann’s film due to cuts, the plot remains unharmed. This dismayed several critics but quite a few intellectuals sided with Luhrmann, revealing that Shakespeare’s language and script are intended to be used as a starting ground for his stories, rather than just being a stationary writing (â€Å"Romeo and Juliet: Of its Time and of Ours†). Dissimilarities are aplenty between Shakespeare’s original and the outrageously lively Luhrmann version. Whereas in the play, sex is an acceptable expression of love, particularly for the young;

W6 Asign BA541 Customer-Based Metrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

W6 Asign BA541 Customer-Based Metrics - Essay Example For example, at the peak of their popularity with people willing to buy coffee with a more expensive price tag, Starbucks spent a lot of money opening several stores, expanding rapidly locally and internationally. In 2008, however, it was forced to assess which stores were making profit and proceeded to close 600 stores in the Unites States. (The Associated Press, 2008) Not all customers have the same value to a company. A company should be able to know who among their customers they should create relationships with to earn revenue. Some customers may buy big ticket items occasionally, but are less significant when compared to customers you regularly buy less expensive items. The customer equity test must be applied to know the degree of marketing efforts to be exhausted in acquiring and retaining customers. (Peppers, D. & Rogers, M., 2011) Seeing that Starbucks is able to maintain a loyal following, this metric appears to have been satisfied. The company offers a variety of products, dependent on the location of the store. For instance, some of their products in the United States are not available in their branches overseas. With this scenario, it can be said that the company was able to understand what their loyal customers like about them and thus made sure those items were available. An issue with this is in order to be competitive and have an edge in the industry, the company needs to come up with other ideas. One of these is providing alcohol at a certain time of the day to reach a possible market and this is problematic because as a survey has shown, some of those who have quit drinking gather at Starbucks for their support group meetings and drink coffee. (Williams, G., 2014) Knowing what the customers want is a very important strategy in a business. Customers need to feel important and needed. Thus, a company that wants to build lasting

Counselling Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Counselling Skills - Essay Example The first stage is the relating stage wherein you relate with the subject’s frame of mind. This can be done by being attentive to what he says and at times also paraphrasing and repeating it. This makes the client feel that he was listened to and understood properly and this instils a belief in the client towards the counsellor. The next stage is the understanding stage. In this stage, the counsellor tries to understand the thinking style of the subject. Next is the changing stage wherein the counsellor tries to mentor the subject thereby changing his thinking pattern and thus helping him to solve his problems. Counselling requires a lot of activities from the counsellor’s side in order to help the subject. The Counsellor needs to create verbal, vocal and bodily communication with the subject (Board 2005). Once effective communication is established between the counsellor and the subject, it becomes easy for the counsellor to understand the frame of reference of the subject. Counsellor should make use of appropriate micro skills in order to establish effective communication with the speaker (Hough 1996). The micro skills constitute of keeping eye contact with the client, encouraging the client throughout by nodding at intervals. Acknowledgement of the subject’s emotions and feelings is also very important (Burnard 1999). The counsellor should make sure that he is not doing any other task at that point of time. Interrupting the client for no reason is also a must do not for counsellors. The counsellors should make sure that the questions which they ask the clients should not b e leading ones and should be open questions (Inskipp 1988). Leading questions direct the clients to give the answers which the counsellors desire. The counsellor should face the client in a square position, and should maintain a posture which shows involvement from the side

Quality in Customer Focussed Operations 232 Essay

Quality in Customer Focussed Operations 232 - Essay Example t of the company is international and local visitor, families and individual, who are looking for the high quality prepared meal as well as are health conscious, prefer to eat food with organic ingredient. The choice of the company has been made on the basis of its attraction and reputation to the domestic as well as global customers. The order qualifiers for the company are availability of the products, in store service and brand image. On the other hand, order winners for the company are their pricing strategy. Sunrise has devised its product strategy according by strongly emphasizing on the needs of their customers. The company thus offers wide range of finest product to cater to its diversified customer base. Ahire and OShaughnessy (2008) opined that, business organizer creates organizational value by supplying good quality product and services according to the demand of their customers. The inflexible nature of demand and supply often leads to customer’s dissatisfaction and wastage of resources. The operational process is a technique that limits both incidence and consequence of demand-supply mismatch. Operational management process includes arrangement of resources in order to create appropriate mixture of inputs, which in turn, transforms into output within any operation. Thus, firms like Sunrise Food PLC needs to implement this technique to have better matches between demand and supply and thereby, enjoy a significant competitive advantage. The idea of operational process can be used through input-transformation-output model to analyse the core strategies at all three business level (Brauchle and Evans, 2008). These include the level of supply chain, level of operation and the level of process. It is basically a set of process in which business add value to the undergone inputs via transformational process, and sell the final product to the customers. The supply chain management focus on combined impact from all aspects in product or services, from

Computer crime and forensic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer crime and forensic - Term Paper Example The good that he has done is to open up the activities of NSA, as well as its partner in Britain, who violates the privacy of the two countries citizens through secret government surveillances (Ball, 2013). This can be considered good, since it elicits a dialogue on the suitability and the unsuitability of such activities. For this reason, he should be protected by the whistle blowing agency, for having divulged sensitive, but vital information regarding government agencies. However, Edward Snowden has already caused too much damage on the reputation of the government agencies, as well as placing sensitive and classified information that is only accessible by the security agencies in the public domain, thus making the security of the countries prone to many breaches (The Economic Times, 2013). For such reasons, he may have committed a big blunder, though the result is that, it has opened a public debate on the security agencies breaching of the privacy of private individuals and enti ties. Thus, instead of considering him as a criminal, he should be treated as a hero who worked towards risking his life, for the sake ensuring that the public is aware of the existing violations. Therefore, he should not be incriminated. References Ball, J. (October 25, 2013). Leaked memos reveal GCHQ efforts to keep mass surveillance secret. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/oct/25/leaked-memos-gchq-mass-surveillance-secret-snowden Greenberg, A. (September 13, 2013). Intelligence Officials Admit That Edward Snowden's NSA Leaks Call For Reforms. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/09/13/intelligence-officials-admit-that-edward-snowdens-leaks-call-for-reforms/ The Economic Times. (Oct 26, 2013). Edward Snowden's leaks most serious in US history: ex-CIA official. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-26/news/43415706_1_intelligence-community-edward-snowden-intelligence-agencies Question 2 Mobile Threats This is a major threat to e very individual and even a threat personally, since it entails the installation of a malware on an individual’s mobile phone by criminals, who are able to manipulate the a malware program to be able to purchase items from the app store, without the permission of the mobile devise owner (McAfee report, 2012). The danger associated with this type of threat is that; it can drain the wallet accounts created by individuals for the purpose of online purchase of items from the app stores, since it can easily be installed on the mobile devices of such individuals, whenever they connect to the purchase sites. Malware This is another threat to the privacy and data accessibility of individuals, through the installation of malfunctioning software that blocks the operating system from being able to access data, thus blocking the accessibility of the data purchased, until the owner of the computer system pays some ransom. This type of software is called the ransomware (McAfee report, 2012) . This threat poses a danger to all of us, as well as to self, since it can be done to anyone’s computer. Big-Scale Attacks This is considered a big threat to all of us, since it is a malicious attack not specifically targeted at financial gain, but for the purposes of causing as much damage as possible to the computer systems. The most worrying aspect is that, the threat targets company systems, which will in turn put the performance

Ethan from - Realism Essay Example for Free

Ethan from Realism Essay The rise of Realism in 1855 was the time when farming began to industrialize, communication expanded through railroads, and Nationalism was yet again revived. On top of all these important transformations that have marked this period of time was the significance for literature with a new audience, new settings, and new characters. The novel, Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, is a magnificent example of literature from the Realistic period. First, Realism is a definite movement away from the Romantic period. Romantics wrote regarding the unique and the unusual, whereas in Realism, literature was written about the average and ordinary. The town where the novel takes place is Starkfield, an average farming community. There is not much in the town that is of interest or anything extravagant to be known for. In addition, literature from Romanticism focused on hopes, while Realistic literature illustrated skepticism and doubt. The narrator describes the scene where Zeena declares to Ethan that her sickness is getting serious, saying, She continued to gaze at him through the twilight with a mien of wan authority, as of one consciously singled out for a great fate. Ive got complications, she said (108 Wharton). Hope for Zeenas health is nonexistent, and she, being a hypochondriac, confirms the fact that she feels doubtful about life. The Romantics wrote about the unusual and hopeful, which are characteristics that are not strongly represented in Realistic literature. The second aspect of Realism is the idea of Regionalism. One indication of Regionalism in literature is the characters dialect. An excellent depiction of dialect is where Harmon Gow says, Wust kind, . . . Moren enough to kill most men (6). His regional accent is shown by the spelling and punctuation, allowing the reader to have an idea of how Harmon would have said it. Another aspect of Regionalism is the customs and the way of life of the characters. One way of life that the characters are accustomed to is the normality of marriage between cousins. As this practice is not enthusiastically accepted everywhere, it brings the Regionalistic aspect to the novel. Regionalism, which includes the characteristics of dialect and customs, is a critical component of Realism. Third, Realistic literature uses the concept of Naturalism. In Ethan Frome, the bleak winter setting is a primary clue that nature plays a key role in the story. Nature is displayed as a powerful and malevolent force that is indifferent to humankind. In the novel, the narrator once stated, But when winter shut down on Starkfield, and the village lay under a sheet of snow perpetually renewed from the pale skies, I began to see what life thereor rather its negationmust have been . . . (7). This statement depicts the winter seasons in Starkfield as gloomy and undesirable weather. Aside from the setting, the basic animal nature of humans also draws out the Naturalistic traits in Realism. The narrator tells what was going through Ethans mind following the smash-up, . . . and far off, up the hill, he heard the sorrel whinny, and thought: `I ought to be getting him his feed. . . (172). At such an intense moment, Ethans animal nature brings him to think about tending to his hungry horse instead of caring about his and Matties teetering lives. These examples signify the sense of nature and its forces used in the literature of Realists. Edith Whartons novel, Ethan Frome, is a wonderful example of Realistic literature. Its style shows signs of a distinct shift away from Romanticism and illustrates the aspects of Regionalism and Naturalism, two major components of Realism. Authors of the Realistic period depicted life as typical, everyday people lived and knew it to be, using these important points. The ordinary characters that dealt with common problems and situations in the literature brought a new group of readers, establishing a unique new era that has changed the way people perceive life forever.

Female Management Roles in Construction

Female Management Roles in Construction The subject presented in this article is about the neglect of women in carrying out corporate roles despite their education in the areas of expertise. Even though there has been affirmative action and equal opportunity embedded in the strategy of corporate recruitment, the needs of the woman civil engineer has not been fully met. It has been very difficult for the women to get to the top most management positions. The lack of enough education, training as well as experience before, to some point, explained the problems women experienced in getting management jobs. Nowadays, a large and indeed an increasing percentage of women in UK are as well competent as any man. This has led to a better gender allocation of jobs, but occupational isolation has remained a chief problem. Even though more women now are in management positions, they tend to be bunched at lower management levels and in less important areas. In all cases, though, their way in to top managerial jobs has ever been severel y restricted. Moreover, educational systems, the mass media as well as the recruitment and procedures of promotion have habitually institutionalized particular gender biases and unconsciously continue to effect discriminatory practices with in relation to women. Governments, enterprises together with organizations, have from the time in the past explored ways of eradicating discrimination as portrayed in this article making sure that there is gender equality. Perhaps the greatest obstacle is still how to make the structures within organizations more sensitive to gender equality concepts and practice. All workers and employers associations have a predominantly important role to play in motivating workplace change in attitudes as well as practices to promote gender equality by and large and to identify and encourage definite strategies to enable women to get to higher levels of management and break through this glass ceiling. This article explains the plight of the woman and desires that the women ought to be accorded rights which are equal to those of male counterparts. The point here is that there should be no unfairness, but also that women ought to be able to take pleasure in all their rights, which demands the identification together with the elimination of obstacles other than the ones of a legal nature. It is here discussed that women are entitled to the gratification of all human rights, including those pertinent to economic development together with resources. The absence of equal right of entry to resources and the opportunities represents a refutation of universal human rights, thus creating obstacles to fairness between women and men that carry on womens economic inequality and also poverty. Equal treatment women as indicated in this article in economic and social life is therefore a precondition for the full achievement of these rights. In addition, organization culture suggests that the nature of the work environment especially in the construction sector faced by women who aspire to management positions determines their fate more than their own traits, skills and behaviors. Behavioral double-binds, communication and leadership styles, old boy networks, tokenism, and differing male and female attitudes towar d power are other behavioral and cultural explanations. Its undoubtedly that remarkable progress has been achieved in boosting women presentation into professions and managerial jobs over recent years. In the UK, the number of women in the executive management positions is relatively low compared to their qualifications. They comprised a very small number of executives in the surveyed organizations in this article. All through, the article is in pursuit of equality in the management to be shown in the female civil engineers of UK. It seeks to nullify the notion that professionalism is a concept dominated by men. The work in the construction industry is very robust at times and will at call upon those in management to actively participate in it. Entering a male dominated workplace is somewhat uncomfortable to the full action that can be taken by the woman in doing her chores as a manager. There could be sexual jokes and a language that the woman could not tolerate. The setting of a civil engineering job portrays a lot of physicality and the context therein could affect women as they may feel uncomfortable. The representation of women in the field of civil engineering is very poor especially at the senior levels of management. The structure and organization of the civil engineering firms seem to have a lot of problems for the female gender. Methodology and Participant profile The article made use of qualitative research by adopting an ethnographic approach to data collection, with interviews which were semi-structured as the main method. The main idea to be researched here was to establish the experience of women construction engineers in their profession. This qualitative research goes against the grain of using numerical data to obtain results. The approach used in this article has organized narrative or words to discover themes and relationships in a non-numerical way. Qualitative data is that which is not easily measurable and it is not completely objective but may require judgment and interpretation. The researcher has also played an important role in the experiment unintentionally by interpreting the results; although as the research data analysis of the results this paper was completed by getting reference to many other sources and thus, it is felt that this increased the rigor and validity of this qualitative work. The ethnographic approach to this work is most appropriate as both sets of participants (women in design and building sites) are all human beings. This means that general patterns of experiences in the work are compatible except in different or exceptional contexts. Throughout the study justification is given for actions. Answers for questions which the researcher may have asked are answered giving this research rigor and validity. However if being very critical, one could mention that this is not a valid time scale and therefore could be a weakness also. The articles aim is to identify to what extent the women in civil engineering and constructions have been incorporated in the management level in the industry. Information for this research was gathered using an ethnographic approach. To do this observation plus detailed field notes were taken. In this stage of the research article, (the abstract) the information is very superficial but does give an interest to continue reading. This qualitative researcher blends and montages to form a new comprehensive creation or a new meaningful whole out of distinct parts of what the researcher is studying or in other words out of reality. The researcher thus can be described as a quilt-maker; a quilt-maker who uses a muti-method approach to compose a complex, and richer study of the issues affecting women civil engineers in UK. Consequently it has no essential definition, for it is never just one thing. It apparently attempts to define cultural studies. After that, some academic and disciplinary resistances to qualitative research are studied and followed by a discussion of the major differences in research styles between qualitative and quantitative approaches. In brief, qualitative approach emphasizes value, ethnographic prose, rich descriptions, answering the how question On the other hand, the quantitative approach emphasizes measurements, value-free, analysis of relationships, objective, empirical methods, impersonal third person prose The history of qualitative research is summarized in several eras. In each of these eras, the researchers have been influenced by their political hopes and ideologies, discovering findings in their research that confirmed prior theories or beliefs. Qualitative research in the first place focused on the objective, the norms, and the classical ethnography. Later on the modernist phase known by the golden age followed. The second era stressed the analysis of the qualitative materials in standardized statistical forms. The blurred genres gave way to a more pluralistic, open ended perspective. The scientific form of the golden age ended on the door steps of a wide range of paradigms, and ways of collecting and analyzing empirical materials. The fourth moment or the crisis of representation in the mid-1980s was the result of the blurred genres. The researcher in the article here questioned models of truth, methods, and representations in establishing the plight of women civil engineers. Identification and Discussion of Strength and Weaknesses The challenge that has been there for many women in the civil engineering field has been that of balancing the work and no-work roles. This has been a great burden at home and also at the workplace which may not really be the case with men. Though the discrimination from the social and organization is hard to shatter, sometimes it is women themselves who are reluctant to take the first step to break the ceiling which originate from their mind. Moreover, hard working is the fundamental weapon that leads every person to the way of success. There are no any tricks or techniques to break this wall that has been placed before them. Every successful woman just proves their capability with tremendous effort. To counter such factors, a jointed effort is essential on all levels by all kinds of organizations and institutions. As seen in this article, the current anti-discrimination legislation and equal opportunity initiatives assume that equality will be achieved if organizations treat women the same as men. The approach draws primarily on liberal, sameness notion of equality where sameness is judged against a unitary standard of male characteristics and behavior. This is problematic because it ignores womens relationship to the private sphere. Unless difference is recognized and taken into account women will not be able to compete equally and on their own (rather than on male) terms. Such issues like the benefits of maternity leave, sabbaticals, the phasing in of working hours, working one day a week from home, employees can return to work after the first, second and even third child are a major threat to the management in construction works. Whereas, a good company lets a person to bring their whole self to work, women could find it challenging to embark on such issues. Feeling stretched is not a dereliction of duty and there we will keep working on implementing more policies which benefit women in the work environment. Positive action, equal opportunity policies, prevention of sexual harassment policies, diversity management, mentoring, and the tracking and monitoring of the progress of both men and women were identified as useful ways to level the playing field and improve gender equality in training, recruitment and promotion at organizational level. Conclusion In conclusion, it is the commitment of top management of a firm on which the success of these policies depends. Such commitment can only spring from an awareness that competitive companies cannot afford to lose out on womens talent. An important trend to note and which is providing other avenues for entrepreneurial women is that more women than ever before are becoming employers and running their own businesses worldwide. In a nutshell, this article examined the components of women challenges in management positions in civil engineering in particular and unveiled the way to break out from such notions to the benefit of successful women. Equal opportunities and positive action cannot be confined to individual organizations or business initiatives. Only the active promotion of gender equality in all areas of education and employment by governments and civil society organizations and in particular, by employers organizations and trade unions can finally break the this norm in the constr uction field.

Kathleen Parker’s Article, First Three Years Aren’t That Critical Essay

Kathleen Parker’s Article, â€Å"First Three Years Aren’t That Critical†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did your mother read to you when you were six weeks old? Did she teach you how to do math problems when you were two? Recently, I read an issue of Parenting Magazine and found an article on child development. Kathleen Parker’s article, â€Å"First Three Years Aren’t That Critical† tells us that parents today are putting to much emphasis on what the media and medical journals are saying, instead of using common sense. The article emphasizes that parents are going overboard on these new studies using good argumentative techniques. Although I found not all of what she said was accurate, I still felt she got her point across. Parker uses evidence from scientists and medical books, to further persuade the reader to side with her opinion. Parker uses good persuasive techniques by showing that not everything you read in the media about child development is true or factual. Parker also shows that she is not one-sided on the issue and gives a personal comment about the opposing viewpoint. I feel the author proved her point that parents are being ridiculous in how they are raising their child these days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first few paragraphs, author attracts the attention of the reader and explains the main point of the article. The author begins the article saying that she â€Å"Pity[s] today’s parents who want to do the right thing.† The sentence attracts the audience to continue reading the article because the sentence sparks curiosity in why the author pities today’s parents. The article continues, â€Å"They [parents] buy child-rearing books, explore over psychology articles, play Mozart in nurseries festooned with alphabet cards and the periodic table.† Parker shows good persuasive technique by describing an exaggerated scenario of what parents are doing these days to try to develop their child’s mind. Although the scenario is not believable, the exaggeration helps to prove that parents are being excessive in the way they develop their children. Parker states her position clearly when she comments that parenting should not be that challenging nor as ridiculous as parents are making it. She states that by buying books and playing Mozart to children would be going overboard. This argument could offend people who believe that reading and teaching kids early is a better way to develop their minds or peo... ...ly years is ridiculous. Parker effectively gave evidence to her argument by quoting from scientists and medical literature. Using evidence to support Parker’s overall point made the article more persuasive and convincing. Although she gave some information without evidence, such as in the Jefferson story, she still makes a point in the argument. I felt that Kathleen Parker was persuasive in showing that parents are believing too much what the media and what new medical findings are saying and not using common sense during the first few years of a child’s life. As a parent you should be concentrating on loving and nourishing your child rather than trying to teach it algebra. Parents have been raising their children for thousands of years and I do not believe that these news articles should change the way people are raising their children now. How did your mother raise you? I am sure she did not have a periodic table on hand when she was rocking you to sleep. Parents have other things to worry about rather than trying to change their parental habits because what some controversial news article said. Let parents use what their mother and father used when raising them: common sense.

Media and Violence Essay -- Social Issues, Aggression

Introduction In this essay I will be analysing whether less visual violence within the media would mean less violence on the streets. Firstly, I will be questioning whether there is a connection between the viewing of media violence and actual acting upon it. To do this I will analyse the usefulness of the different methods used to approach such as complex issue. To illustrate this I will use examples of different media forms that seem to have been a catalyst for acts of violence. I will then attempt to come to a conclusion on whether less media violence could mean less acts of violence. Define Firstly, to begin to analyse the media effects of violence one must define the term violence. The fact that there are several different levels of violence means that it will be difficult to define (Gauntlett, 2001). For example using abusive language can been seen as an act of violent and aggression to some, but to others may not view it as actual violence as there has not been any form of physical contact. A researcher will also have to look at the context in which the act of violence is acted upon, for example a pillow fight and punching some are both forms of aggression, yet they are interpreted differently (Boyle, 2005). One way violence can be defined is an act when an individual intentionally uses aggressive behaviour physically or mentally to creates fear and harm upon others. The media usually displays most acts of violence using a variety of mediums and different forms. In the 21st century there has been a technology boom whereby new and more complexes forms of media have emerged. There has been an increase in immersion and interaction amongst mediums such as the video game, television and mobile phones. For example, by usin... ...luencing crime such as gross structural inequality, poverty, consumer culture and youth alienation (Gauntlett, 2001). To pin point the media as the root cause of streets crime prevents society from dealing with the real issue. To conclude, even if the media had stopped or limited crime being presented, crime would still exist in one form or another. The media is a powerful to for creating aware of crimes but can also cause irrational fear which could then lead to alienation of a particular group. It could then be questioned if the media should limit the amount of crime shown, however in this post modern era technology has become so advanced that visual crime will always be accessible. Therefore, it cannot be said that less crime in the media would mean less crime on the street as there is no rational link between the two and visual crime will always be present.

Internet Censorship Essay - We Need Censorship to Protect Children Online :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

We Need Censorship to Protect Children Online    One Source Cited  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper will elaborate the reasons why minors deserve legislative protection while using the internet, and how to implement this protection.    Most families agree that the custody, care, and nurture of the child resides first with the parent. On the other hand, the widespread availability of the Internet presents opportunities for minors to access materials through the World Wide Web in a manner that can frustrate parental supervision or control, for example, at the local public library(Morales). The protection of the physical and psychological well- being of minors by shielding them from materials that are harmful to them is a compelling interest to most parents.    To date, while the industry has developed innovative ways to help parents and educators restrict material that is harmful to minors through parental control protections and self-regulation, such efforts have not provided a national solution to the problem of minors accessing harmful material on the World Wide Web. Notwithstanding the existence of protections that limit the distribution over the World Wide Web of material that is harmful to minors, parents, educators, and industry must continue efforts to find ways to protect children from being exposed to harmful material found on the Internet.    Meanwhile, a prohibition on the distribution of material harmful to minors, combined with legitimate defenses, is currently the most effective and least restrictive means by which to satisfy the compelling interest of parents.    Such prohibition should include the following conduct: Whoever knowingly and with knowledge of the character of the material, in interstate or foreign commerce by means of the World Wide Web, makes any communication for commercial purposes that is available to any minor and that includes any material that is harmful to minors shall be fined and possibly imprisoned. Intentional repetition of this violation should accrue greater penalties.    This prohibition should not apply to carriers and other internet service providers, including:    (1) a telecommunications carrier engaged in the provision of a telecommunications service; (2) a person engaged in the business of providing an Internet access service; (3) a person engaged in the business of providing an Internet information location tool; or (4) similarly engaged in the transmission, storage, retrieval, hosting, formatting, or translation (or any combination thereof) of a communication made by another person, without selection or alteration of the content of the communication.

The Key Personal Development skills and experience

There are many cardinal accomplishments that this programme provided and gave me as come oning through it. Some of the accomplishments and experiences that I believe that I have obtained from making this Young Enterprise Graduate Programme are listed below: – Team working consisted of taking portion in identifying and holding on the squad ‘s aims. Me as an single agreeing with each squad members undertakings and working efficaciously with others. I did this by back uping them to make the ends for the whole group. Problem work outing where jobs were being identified and analysed. Furthermore, taking solutions and implementing processs suitably. Communication had to be made by me and team members efficaciously to hold on aims and processs. I took portion in meetings, treatments and successfully interacting with clients and co-workers. Furthermore, bring forthing clear concise written work and presentations by utilizing appropriate and profession ICT techniques. Selling and Gross saless accomplishments were earned by making and transporting out a market research program. Then placing client mark groups and developing the appropriate selling attack. Furthermore, I choose the appropriate selling and gross revenues schemes to sell and administer to aim groups. Operationss accomplishments were achieved by keeping systems to run into quality criterions and measuring environmental impact. Besides puting up processs to run into operational marks and developing rating systems. The Finance experience was achieved by me when transporting out a fiscal audit and choosing schemes to better fiscal public presentation. I recorded fiscal information utilizing ICT every bit suitably as possible. Directing and Managing was developed by negociating with others and act uponing the results of the company. By pull offing a complex set of undertakings in an unsure environment and directing persons, squads or undertakings to accomplish agreed marks. Furthermore, pull offing co-workers, concern advisers, stakeholders, clients and constructing effectual relationships. Leadership was a hard accomplishment to accomplish for me because at times it was required to draw the company together in times of crisis and some co-workers did n't understand why. Furthermore, I encouraged co-workers to accomplish their full potency in the manner they contributed to the company ‘s overall public presentation. Learning was a accomplishment which was achieved throughout this programme from understanding cardinal larning penchants by prosecuting it in much more effectual ways. Furthermore, I improved my ability to larn from everyday of this programme experience. I have besides placing personal acquisition solutions and demands. I believe that throughout this twelvemonth my communicating accomplishments, concern thoughts and protocols were developed and strengthened. My experience was gained in working in a squad based civilization. This was like in a concern administration which involved planning, committedness, administration and flexibleness to accomplish consequences. First I disbelieved about the faculty importance to my degree class and was non precisely fascinated approximately working as portion of a squad. However I was incorrectly after the first twosome of hebdomads I got to cognize my squad members much more. I frequently wonder if I had n't taken the faculty, I would hold passed the chance of meeting and doing five new strong friends. Some issues which I had were to lodge up for others whenever there was an statement traveling to organize as I thought it would be better to screen it out by speaking non reasoning. As I started to develop my strength and ability to publish clear and concise direction in a considerate mode during meetings and understanding our concern I believed we could go a successful concern. Belbin ‘s theory indicates to me that I am a â€Å" company worker † who is socially oriented, instead than mild sensitive with the ability to react to people and in any given state of affairs. Maslow ‘s hierarchy of demands is a theory in psychological science that states people in life. Maslow identified â€Å" A hierarchy needs as one degree becomes reasonably, or partially, pleased the net becomes stronger † [ 1 ] I got to cognize everyone better and felt more comfy in the supportive environment once we settled down. I motivated squad members without fright as one of the elements of SCHEINIS larning civilization provinces larning to back up squad work at that place must be a shared beliefs that co-operation will be needed that it will work and besides shared belief that all people can and will larn fiting McGregor ‘s theory. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Our wise man we met was called ‘Malcolm ‘ he had a concern and one of our group members gave him a call and we arranged a meeting with him. We got the SWOT analysis and thoughts down on what we are looking into to go a concern. After a few more meetings we were told that our wise man could non see us any longer as his concern was at hazard. I set myself a personal end and it was to actuate others and guarantee all squad members participated in puting ends. Harmonizing to Locke ( 1968 ) ends affect motive [ 1 ] . Challenging but accomplishable ends motivates † persons have basic demands or possible which, when displeased stimulates manners fixed towards fulfillment. I researched and studied as I was committed to larn and accomplishing high-quality Markss. â€Å" Specific ends motivates extra than ill-defined † known group roles as each group members had peculiar functions and responsibility. I developed my interpersonal and communicating accomplishments by e-mailing squad members over the Christmas vacations and complimenting them on the undertakings that all of had done before the vacations even though we had no wise man. Furthermore, we got a electronic mail sing us acquiring a new wise man from one of the Enterprise staff called ‘Andy ‘ . â€Å" Contribution in puting ends is appealing † each member of the group set an single end as to animate and remain on path. â€Å" Significant consequences of earlier period piece is important to motive † When Christmas passed we started to acquire our concern program ready for passing in on the 6th February 2010. I noticed that none of our group was go toing the talks as they were busy with coursework ‘s and other faculties. We met with Andy and talked things through and what we have so far. It was noticed that we were really far behind through the faculty besides Andy tried to set up a new wise man for our group. If I was in control I would hold got the full group together and divided the parts that needed making together every bit. However as our group was in this meeting with Andy merely three of us were present, two were on their manner and 1 could n't do it. In this meeting the subdivisions were n't divided every bit and when asked who would wish to make certain parts some of the group members were n't at all interested. It eventually came to the decision that everyone had something to make except one member who had no undertaking but to assist other members get at that place undertakings done. This member was a ready to hand individual who did n't acquire involved at all when asked for their aid. Finally, the group held another meeting to inquire this member for aid to complete the undertakings off and manus in our concern study. We met our new wise man she was called ‘Debbie ‘ she helped us understand and cognize what was to be put into a concern study. Time was against us and we merely had less than a hebdomad left to complete the study. I feel one time once more that if the group was managed decently this would hold non happened at all. Luckily we got a hebdomad extension from our coach. Even though this extension was set still some members were n't at all fuss. Merely if I reported or filled in a subject signifier and told the coach affairs would hold been addressed much decently. However this was non thought of and felt that I would the individual to fault if I told off the certain members After passing in the study on the 15th February 2010 merely three members came to manus it in. Now we as a concern started to acquire prepared for the presentation. When speaking about presentations two of the members opted out. They did n't desire to show at all, I felt really angry and thought good this is what you have to accept in a concern. I experienced throughout this faculty the existent experiences and worst of being in a existent life concern. After practising and showing the presentation it was the twenty-four hours to show. The group and I were so amazed with the group after we delivered our presentation and were able to answer to the whole inquiries from both the witnesss and the panel of Judgess. I felt our corporate attempt had paid away and was proud of our work. I was given our classs two hebdomads subsequently which was on the 17th March. I noticed that none of my squad members attended merely I did even though I was a few proceedingss tardily for the talk nevertheless, I was able to pick up the feedback. I gave the group a text message informing them of the consequences of past public presentations which motivated me into making the following undertaking. Maslow theory encourages feedback ; I learnt about past success and can follow the behavior once more. In the terminal the original end of a united and solid group was achieved. Plain rules of actions were received by all members of the group. When a member had a job, there was ever person to speak to and a sense of togetherness ran through the group. The features characteristics that stood out at the terminal were many. First, the ambiance was informal and relaxed and this helped persons to show their sentiments without holding to concern about being judged by their members. Each member listened to each other and the struggle of thoughts was brought usefully into the unfastened. Decisions were normally reached by an understanding so that everybody or the bulk were pleased by the consequence. Finally, direction was non merely set aside to the chosen caput, but was shared when suited so that the full group felt a sense of value about themselves within the group. At this phase the group was more effectual and cohesive to a big extent. There was a important development in the personality of persons and an betterment. One issue which concerned us was when one member seemed to experience demoralized. This state of affairs was understood by the remainder of the group so it was discussed by hence deciding it demoing that we had grown from a group of persons and into a group.Future ApplicationIt has been truly gratifying making this faculty as rather a batch of it was new. A batch of its qualities and utile accomplishments will be taken off from this faculty and class. As making this class it has given a strong foundation for the ability to be able to work independently. Furthermore, working as portion of a squad and besides holding gained superior communicating accomplishments by concentrating on reassigning understanding, from one individual to another with the lower limit of misinterpretation. After finishing this faculty I have become extremely motivated and am a originative person. I now have an appetency for cognition and apprehension. Furthermore, I am a gifted and active individual with necessary practical and theoretical formal cognition in Engineering. I am able to convey a record of teamwork and leading, and strong analytical accomplishments which will enable me to execute magnificently in the concern universe. I have refined my analytical, communicating and job resolution accomplishments both inside and outside the academic environment. My recent experience as a company sectarian has taught me the importance of working with a item orientated attack and made me accustomed to bring forthing consequences while working under force per unit area. I am confident that my quantitative accomplishments will enable me to be highly effectual in concern development. This faculty aid fix me for interview as group presentation was 30 % of the faculty. Showing in forepart of audience and expecting designated inquiries. I will be utilizing this chance as a practise for a summer arrangement. From the group presentation I have gained, commercial consciousness, penetration of the field and self assurance. It helped in developing my accomplishments on package tools as I took the function of seting slides on PowerPoint. The construction and layout of presentation was formal accurate, elaborate and valuable. I surely could non hold done this wholly on my ain as an person. Boots The Chemist Company uses cross- functional squads to work on jobs stuck in the conventional administration. A endowment wins games, but teamwork and intelligence win title. The effectivity of squad work was surprising. I am more cognizant of consistence, truth meeting marks and deadlines in concern universe. I will wish to set all the accomplishments and cognition acquired into practise. When I complete my grade I am believing of traveling into the concern facet of telecommunication technology which is decidedly an option for me. I could work in gross revenues or in the selling sector. Am interested in making a postgraduate grade such as Masters in concern disposal ( MBA ) this will edify me more and I will hold the makings required. The work of McMclland ‘s acquired need theory ( 1985 ) proposed that some of import demands are non inherited but are learned. Most often surveies are the demands for accomplishment, association and power. Peoples with strong demand in these classs are frequently found in the function of enterpriser, squad co-ordination and top directors of big hierarchies. Team work is the cardinal component to success in a concern universe. Overall Young endeavor graduates programme has enabled me to be a end orientated single with clear vision of future aims, ability to listen and use effectual communicating accomplishments. It helped me as an technology pupil to develop positive attitudes and accomplishments necessary for personal success, practical accomplishments, employability, and lifelong acquisition. It encouraged me as an person in deriving an understanding the potency of future employer besides sing self-employment and concern creative activity as possible future calling options. This faculty gave me the chance to gain more approximately myself as a natural squad participant with desire for a hereafter and lament to larn every bit good as willing to work hard in a fast traveling disputing with a supportive environment. I am good at making invention solution to accomplish ends. There is a great trade of accent on ego directed acquisition in the faculty. This faculty has been a great experience as I have enjoyed the undertakings developed accomplishments for the universe of work.

Financial Accounting Theory Essay

The article â€Å"GM to Take Charge of $20. 8-Billion† here reproduced from The Globe and Mail (February 2, 1993) describes the potential impact of SFAS 106, â€Å"Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions,† on General Motors and Ford. For example, it appears that General Motors will be required to record a liability of $20. 8 billion, reducing its shareholders’ equity from $27. 8 billion to $7 billion, about a 75% reduction. Describe and explain how you would expect the efficient securities market to react to this information. SFAS 106, Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions: â€Å"This Statement establishes accounting standards for employers’ accounting for postretirement benefits other than pensions. It will significantly change the prevalent current practice of accounting for postretirement benefits on a pay-as-you-go (cash) basis by requiring accrual, during the years that the employee renders the necessary service, of the expected cost of providing those benefits to an employee and the employee’s beneficiaries and covered dependents. In exchange for the current services provided by the employee, the employer promises to provide, in addition to current wages and other benefits, health and other welfare benefits after the employee retires. It follows from that view that postretirement benefits are not gratuities but are part of an employee’s compensation for services rendered. This Statement relies on a basic premise of generally accepted accounting principles that accrual accounting provides more relevant and useful information than does cash basis accounting. Accrual accounting goes beyond cash transactions and attempts to recognize the financial effects of noncash transactions and events as they occur. Recognition and measurement of the accrued obligation to provide postretirement benefits will provide users of financial statements with the opportunity to assess the financial consequences of employers’ compensation decisions. In applying accrual accounting to postretirement benefits, this Statement adopts three fundamental aspects of pension accounting: delayed recognition of certain events, reporting net cost, and offsetting liabilities and related assets. (FASB, 2012) I would expect the efficient securities market to find this practice acceptable. â€Å"Accrual-based accounting is more effective than cash-based accounting. A few arguments to support this theory are: certain cash receipts and disbursements are â€Å"lumpy,† within operating cash flows receipts and payments can be lumpy, accrual-based accounting is a better predictor of a company’s long-term financial performance. Also all formal statements need to be set up using accrual-based accounting, and publicly traded companies need to use accrual-based accounting to conform to GAAP standards (Keener, 2012). 2. Chapter 4: Problem 12 (Imax) a. To what extent can revenue growth substitute for net income as a predictor of future earning power? Explain. Use efficient securities market concepts in your answer, and consider the requirement under GAAP for immediate writeoff of research and startup costs. â€Å"Both revenue growth and net income are useful in determining the financial strength of a company, but they are not interchangeable. Net income describes how efficient a company is with its spending and operating costs and how effect ively it has been controlling total costs. Revenue, on the other hand, only indicates how effective a company is at generating sales and does not take into consideration operating efficiencies which could have a dramatic impact on net income (Investopedia, 2012). † â€Å"Start-up costs are defined as â€Å"those unusual one-time costs incurred in putting a new plant into operation, opening a new sales outlet, initiating a new process in an existing plant, or otherwise commencing some new operation (FASB, 2012). † †Costs of start-up activities, including organization costs, should be expensed as incurred (FASB, 2012). â€Å"Definition of ‘Revenue Recognition’ An accounting principle under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that determines the specific conditions under which income becomes realized as revenue. Generally, revenue is recognized only when a specific critical event has occurred and the amount of revenue is measurable. ‘Revenue Recognition’ explained For mo st businesses, income is recognized as revenue whenever the company delivers or performs its product or service and receives payment for it. However, there are several situations in which exceptions may apply. For example, if a company’s business has a very high rate of product returns, revenue should only be recognized after the return period expires. Companies can sometimes play around with revenue recognition to make their financial figures look better. For example, if XYZ Corp. wants to hide the fact that it is having a bad year in sales, it may choose to recognize income that has not yet been collected as revenue in order to boost its sales revenue for the year (Investopedia, 2012). † b. Use the concept of relevance to defend the revenue recognition policies outlined above. Relevant financial statements give information to investors about the firm’s future economic prospects (Scott, 2009). † c. Use the concept of reliability to criticize the revenue recognition policies outlined above. â€Å"To be reliable, information must have representational faithfulness and it must be verifiable and neutral (Scott, 2009). † d. To the extent that investors are awar e of the possible use of revenue recognition policies that overstate revenues (even though, for a specific firm, they may not know the extent to which that firm is using such policies), what is the effect on the operation of the capital market? Explain. â€Å"Investors have prior beliefs about a firm’s future performance. These prior beliefs will be based on all available information. If net income is high, or higher than expected, this may be good news. If so, investors would revise upward their beliefs about future performance. Other investors, who perhaps had overly high expectations for what current net income should be, might interpret the same net income number as bad news. Investors who have revised their beliefs about future performance upward will be inclined to buy the firm’s shares at their current market price, and vice versa for those who have revised their beliefs downward. We would expect to observe the volume of shares traded to increase when the firm reports its net income. Furthermore, this volume should be greater the greater are the differences in investors’ prior beliefs and in their interpretations of the current financial information (Scott, 2009). †

Connections between everything is illuminated and into the wild Essay

A common theme in both Into the Wild and Everything is Illuminated is an archetype of this Eden a final destination of journey. For â€Å"Alex,† it was his Alaska, for Alex, Jonathan, and Alex’s Grandfather it was Trachimbrod. An Eden in literature is a final destination or state that a character, or set of characters in the case of Everything is Illuminated, strives to achieve or find. Both books have the characters searching for their Eden’s for their own personal reasons. â€Å"Alex† takes on his journey to get to his Eden for himself and his constant goal is to make it to his Alaska, his final adventure. Despite all the people he has met and all the amazing things he had done and all the memories he made in his mind he was only set on his Alaska. Ironically, for â€Å"Alex† his final Eden was also his final resting place and he was not able to get passed his Alaska. For the group in Everything is Illuminated, they are searching for Trachimbrod as their Eden for their Journey. The idea of an Eden is a very common archetype in literature throughout decades and decades of writing. An Eden can also be a person or a state of being that the main characters are searching for but in both these works the archetype forms as a physical location that the characters are searching for. Socio-political In both books, there seems to be a topic of written word and the effect of it on people as a huge theme throughout the novels. For Into the Wild, â€Å"Alex† is constantly referencing different novelists that he relates too as a source of inspiration and motivation but more importantly, â€Å"Alex† seemed to use these works of written word as almost a sense of security and closeness to the authors in desperate times of loneliness. Everything is Illuminated also holds a sense of bond through written word with how a portion of the book is written as a letter from Alex to Jonathan. In society, the actions of written words and novels creates a closeness and bonds that spoken word or just everyday conversations seem to lack. There is a stronger sense of permanence to written word that gives off a bond from reader to writer that other forms of conversation can not accomplish. In society, it’s easier for a reader to bond with a writer through their words because of how they can take the time to contemplate and try to understand what the author was trying to mean. In Into the Wild, after â€Å"Alex’s† death his books were found written all over and highlighted and all his feelings even his last dying thoughts were poured into these books. He obviously felt a bond with these authors in his months of isolation in Alaska, an even stronger bond then than at any other time.

Better Teaching Through Provocation Essay

The quest for an effective pedagogy differentiates the teacher from the researcher. Within the humanities and social sciences, we are constantly confronted with the challenge of communicating complex material in a novel and effective manner. Active teaming is bolstered by an approach that emphasizes creative problem solving, and critical thinking. And active learning often begins with a question. Despite those techniques, philosophical inquiry can sometimes lead to esoteric, pedantic, or even banal approaches to teaching that leave the neophyte intellectually lost or detached from the learning process. As a discipline, philosophy itself is intrinsically provocative. In the spirit of Nietzsche’s infamously provocative style, the use of stimulating techniques in teaching introductory college courses can be immensely beneficial. Goals of Provocation The goals of provocative teaching are grounded in a conceptual framework of critical thinking as well as in an understanding and appreciation of the many psychological processes that influence mental life. The teacher’s strategy should be designed to provoke or pique students to think; that is, to analyze the grounds of their beliefs, which can be directly applied to their personal lives. Stirring questions and statements should challenge (and respectfully critique) the method and rationale by which students arrive at conclusions and reexamine the grounds for their beliefs and attitudes. Guiding Principles Guiding principles in formulating provocative teaching techniques as follows: 1. Orient the technique toward the entire class, not just one student. 2. Allow an appropriate pause time for class response.  3. Respond to all students’ responses. 4. Validate and confirm student attempts to respond or offer an explanation. 5. Use the discussion to launch into a formal presentation of the material or to augment existing didactic strategies. Classroom Examples Provocative techniques combined with systematic questioning may be applied arbitrarily to any topic. Through provocative systematic questioning, the student realizes that this type of reasoning is an informal fallacy based on an appeal to authority that became conditioned and serves as the grounds for his belief. It is better to focus questions toward the entire class, in a case like this, by focusing on one student, others join in to offer competing arguments or supportive rationale that are further examined by the class as a whole. That generally leads to an inclusive process rather than an exclusive centering on one student. Parenting and Corporal Punishment Students believed that corporal punishment was immoral. Most students believed it was morally acceptable, and some even made a case that it was immoral not to physically discipline children when they commit transgressions, because physical punishment teaches them morals. Provocative exercises may provide a personal utility for self-discovery that departs from the traditional procedures of pedantic pedagogy. Risk of Provocation When we examine controversial issues in class, we should be respectful of individual and cultural differences that may influence certain beliefs and practices, while we still maintain intellectual integrity. It should be a tacit assumption for students that acts of provocation are designed to bring rational and emotional constructs under the rubric of knowledge. No provocation should be executed merely for â€Å"shock value.† Because some students may feel intimidated by philosophical questions, the professor should try to be sensitive to the students’ cognitive acumen as well as their emotional development. Sometimes, students who are overly emotional, rigid, or vulnerable to a particular topic simply need to be reminded that the discussion at hand is only an object of intellectual investigation and certainly not a personal attack. Conclusion  We must find a method that suits our personalities and didactic styles. Instead of traditional lecturing, the combined use of provocative questions and statements that force the class to respond to a particular issue may have more impact and personal meaning than fort-formal approaches. Furthermore, the use of probing and systematic questioning gears students toward an introspective analysis of their personal beliefs, not only grounded in reason, but also linked to emotional and psychological motives that influence their perception of cause and effect. One will notice progress in their critical thinking skills over the length of the course. Rather than professing an impetuous position based upon unreflective conditioning, students offer more solid argumentation with developed rationale for their beliefs and attitudes.

Confucianism Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Confucianism Reflection - Essay Example If we were to look back into the history of China as a people, what becomes evident is that they have a deeply rooted respect for their elders and ancestors that continue to this very day. It is this sense of respect that has created a strong family bond among the Chinese. The aforementioned Confucianist belief conveys the message that respect for parents is not only something that should be done in the presence of others, but it is something that must be embodied in order to be an effective tenet of the human relationship or relationships between senior and junior members of the family. The idea behind the passage that I chose to reflect upon is simple. My understanding is that children are being trained to know, from an early age, that if one shows respect to his elders, then he will not need to demand that his elders respect him as well. The true respect and family relationship is built when the young generation shows support for his elders, without feeling obligated to do so. It then becomes important for children to understand that showing respect for their elders, and not showing them a bad face is the kind of payback that is expected or accorded to people who have nurtured them since conception and helped them become contributing members of society. Parents, are known to do everything that they can for their children up until the time when their age no longer permits them to do so. Once they become feeble and weak, it then becomes the responsibility of their children to sacrifice for and respect their parents until their last day on earth. Some children these days often show their parents a bad face once they are asked by their elders to perform certain tasks, because of the sense of privilege and self-centered attitude that modern parenting styles have bestowed upon them. Thus showing a lifelong disrespect for their parents rather than showing thanks for the sacrifice that the elders committed themselves to for the benefit of the younger

Cover and Thank You letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cover and Thank You letter - Essay Example In this case, I am able to think out through problems clearly and in a systematic manner while maintaining flexibility in challenging situations which will enable me bring energy and commitment to excellence that is indispensable to succeed in Marathon Oil Corporation’s innovative environment. Despite my lack of hands-on experience in a work environment, I have developed technical skills and the ability to present details to a large environment required in the business environment. In order to attain the objective of working in a challenging and interesting environment, I am requesting for consideration in the aforementioned position in your company. I became interested in an intern’s position at Marathon Oil after researching different companies that could offer me a challenge. As a leader in the industry, there is no any other place that can help me meet my objectives other than your company. I know this position will enable me identify my strengths and address any weaknesses in order to equip me with expertise for the job market. Thank you for the opportunity to interview with you on Wednesday, June 6, 2012 at your company headquarters. The position of intern in your information technology department is an outstanding opportunity I feel exceptionally qualified. I am beholden by the information and time you shared with me during the interview. Indeed, the time spent with you makes me yearn for this position more than when I was applying for the position. As we discussed, my financial and information technology background will give me a foothold to meet my objectives and those of the company while working with my workmates. Not only am I able to discuss the requirements in your workplace, but I also do understand the expectations of this position in the competitive global business

Argumentative Research Paper Women in Combat Essay

Argumentative Research Paper Women in Combat - Essay Example For instance, as this essay will demonstrate in the following sections, women suffer more physical injuries than men, they often suffer more serious psychological ailments, they resort to substance abuse as a means for coping with the physical and psychological strains, and their presence contributes to a number of novel problems in the military. The point is not that women are incapable of serving in the military. The point most certainly is not that women cannot be good leaders and good soldiers. The thesis of this essay is that women should not be placed in direct combat roles because (1) their presence may very well result in more serious physical and psychological costs than those experienced by male soldiers, and (2) that their presence causes the military to become preoccupied with peripheral issues such as sexual harassment, dating, and disharmony to the exclusion of military readiness and missions. As the data will demonstrate, this ought to be viewed and treated as much more than a political or a social issue. The military occupies a special place within the larger political and social framework, its combat functions result in serious injuries and mental strains, and women ought to consider the medical findings and the military realities before demanding increased combat roles. This research paper will define what is meant by combat and, as illustrated in Iraq with messy urban warfare, how traditional notions of combat versus non-combat personnel have become increasingly difficult to define. This blurring of the traditional distinction is of particular relevance in this case because women serving in traditionally non-combat roles have, in fact, been directly exposed to combat nonetheless. After examining the meaning of combat, this essay will analyze a number of recent studies which demonstrate that women suffer greater burdens than their male counterparts. Some of these burd ens are biologically-rooted and cannot be remedied by simple shifts in policy.In the final analysis, there is no good scientific or military argument for including women in combat roles. The humane result would be a wholesale exclusion of women from combat. Only a sadist would use women as martyrs to make a point of gender equality, which has been and can continue to be made in less damaging situations and contexts. Combat Versus Non-Combat Combat was traditionally defined as taking place in a specific place with specific people (Skaine, 26); however, Skaine also goes on to note that combat today is more spread out, warring parties often hide and fight among civilians, and that defining a woman as serving in a combat or non-combat role is somewhat disingenuous. This is because, even though most women are theoretically shielded from combat by legislation and by non-combat designations and deployments, the combat reaches and affects women. Indeed, it is an open secret that women operate in combat roles even though they are technically barred or prohibited. Recent events in Iraq illustrate this blurring of the role between combatants and non-combatants all too starkly; as reported by CNN, "The Pentagon's policy banning women in combat is being tested in Iraq, where the lack of a defined front line and insurgents' guerrilla

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Microeconomics - Essay Example the loss incurred the bank has to pass forward the effect of this incident to its other customers which are charged higher interest rates on their future loans and their current money deposits receive a lower interest rate return. The money supply of the banks is also diminished due to event of a loan investment that is not recovered. Corporations in America follow similar financial decisions to individuals concerning their outstanding debt. Whenever market conditions are favorable corporations look for ways to refinance their debt. The difference between a corporation and individual is that companies utilize different mechanism to achieve refinancing. Corporate debt can be refinanced by utilizing a bond mechanism. A bond is commercial paper sold in denomination of $1000 to individuals or business which allows the corporation to raise money. The bonds have a fixed interest rate called the coupon rate. If market conditions changed corporation can issue a set of bonds at lower interest rate in order to eliminate its outstanding bonds and pay less money in the long run. Downgrading of debt occurs when the chances of recovering the outstanding debt diminishes because the debtor has not been paying their payment or time. If a loan goes beyond 90 days without a payment being received the debt is said to have gone in default. At this time the chances of collecting the money goes does down significantly. From the perspective of an outsider these financial assets of the bank represent a downgraded asset. The $700 billion bailout plan targeted these types of downgraded assets which the government would buy up to create greater liquidity in the banking system. Another way downgrading of debt occurs is when corporate debt such as bonds are downgraded by agencies such as Moody’s. Moody’s has a system which gives a grade to the commercial paper issued by banks and governments. If the organization is having financial problems the grade of their outstanding debt is

Hip-hop and the link between industry, media, fans Essay

Hip-hop and the link between industry, media, fans - Essay Example Cultural theory is a branch of knowledge that applies experience based techniques, in a quest to develop theories that give an explanation of different elements of human expression. Human beings use communication techniques to express, emotions, feelings and different states of mind acquired in their daily activities in respect to the environmental set up they are in. The term expressions denote forms of communication that human beings use to pass certain information from one person to another. The existence of these forms of communication forms the base for cultural theory. The need to explain how human beings relate with their environment, adapt to it and communicate their experiences to successful generations’ forms the relevance of cultural theory.Human beings use different forms of expression to communicate formation from one person to another. These forms include language, signs, art, music and dance, and observation. Language is used to communicate information either or ally or through written work. Signs and dances, on the other hand, are used to transmit information through the use of visible sense, where ideas are encoded in gestures, body movements and other forms of physical signs. Art involves the use of carefully developed carvings and drawings to communicate ideas (Giddens 1997). Music is a complex form of communication that carries cultural information usually expressed in a coherent mix of the other forms of communication. Music involves combined use of language, dance, musical instruments, signs and art in a good proportion to communicate information from one person to another. All those music elements determine its variation. Music is a cultural phenomenon and can only be understood from a well organised study of cultural elements that build it. Music is also made of key components which include industry, genre formation, media, and fans. The interrelationship between the components can be understood through the cultural theory (Negus 1 996). The theory also analyzes the interrelationship that exists between different people to establish the ideologies that govern their interactions. Cultural theory has a number of elements that outlines several ideologies that govern the interrelationship of different parties in the music. Racism is one of the elements of cultural theory that analysis music with the aim of understanding how music industry, genre formation, media, and fans interrelate. Racism refers to prejudice and discrimination of people based on physical differences that exist between them. Members of a community can discriminate other people based on some physical variations such as the skin colour (Longhurst 2007). This discrimination is seen in the behaviour of a particular group toward another. For instance, in United State the white people may disqualify the black people from access public swimming pools for entertainments. For instance, as revealed by the photo below. Such swimming pools may be linked wit h a particular music genre where fans come to swim while enjoying the entertainment from that music genre. Since the black fans may be limited from participating in those entertainments, then it determines the kind of funs to get involved in the music genre. This kind of racism also influences genre formation, for instance, the black people may find that they are being discriminate by the white people, and decide to form music genre that fit their race. Racism creates an ideology that some people are superior to others based on physical differences. The instincts of superiority felt by a tribe create an environment where one tribe is abusive to the other. This result into one tribe exhibiting behaviours that directly disqualifies others in different areas of life. Mase says that racism is evident in music and society in three interdependent dimensions. The first one is the structural where there is social and economic discrimination against

Request for proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Request for proposal - Essay Example There are diverse set of foods provided by Chipotle from which various customers would choose. The brand will be appealing to different travellers at FLL Airport Clients at the airport demand quick services, an aspect that Chipotle promises to deliver. Its four-step plan is a robust package to reduce delays. The company runs nearly 350 transactions per hour at its fastest restaurants to ensure fast service to its clients. The company has employed expediters, personnel to coordinate rolling of the burrito and coordination of the order by getting drinks to the customer. Part of the staff, linebackers, patrols the countertops to ensure seamless service provision to the customers. The â€Å"Mise en place† policy ensures zero tolerance to absolutely nothing in place for the customer during peak hours. At Chipotle, the â€Å"Aces in their places† policy is effective and functional. The policy ensures that only top serves operate during peak hours (Ferdman 1). In essence, at Chipotle, a burrito can be prepared and ready to serve in less than 2 minutes (mikem301s12 1). Chipotle regards consumers’ health as a vital factor and part of its service delivery considerations. Its fast foods are health-conscious and conform to set standards set main regulatory institutions and bodies. Chipotle will uphold regular inspection of its fast foods to ensure compliance with required levels of value and accreditation standards. Furthermore, the personnel at Chipotle are qualified to provide the services required by diverse consumers of fast food and travellers at the airport (Bhasin 1). Bhasin, Kim. How Chipotles Assembly Line Makes Your Burrito So Ridiculously Fast. Business Insider. April 23, 2012. Web. Web. April 19, 2015. http://www.businessinsider.com/how-chipotles-service-line-is-so-fast-2012-4 Ferdman, Roberto. How Chipotle is going to serve burritos faster, and faster, and faster. Quatz. February 1, 2014. Web. April 19, 2015.