The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business

Introduction The company in question is involved in manufacturing where it produces a variety of wood products. It has been a sole proprietorship form of a business unit and currently. However, the owner has plans of converting the company to another form of business unit by considering various factors. However, the entrepreneur does not comprehend all forms of business units and thus he needs to make an informed decision before choosing the form of business that suits his situation.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion of Various Forms of Business Units Sole proprietorship Sole proprietorship is the simplest form of business organization as it is formed and managed by a single individual. With this form of business, the organization is not registered on its own, hence cannot be separated from the owner (Lau Johnson, 2011). Moreover, the owner is entitled to all profits generated by the business at the end of a financial year as well as losses in case they arise. However, the owner is responsible over all debts and liabilities entered into by the business. In the formation of a sole proprietorship, the status automatically passes to the owner. However, for the business to be legal, the owner has to register and obtain the necessary licenses and permits. However, rules regulating the registration process differ in accordance to the location of the business and the industry. In terms of taxation, the owner has to withhold taxes and submit them to the relevant authority. Moreover, the business cannot be taxed separately since incomes generated are also the owner’s incomes. Advantages Sole proprietorship is cheap and easy to form for structural costs are quite low as compared to other forms of business units. In addition, legal costs in relation to obtaining necessary documentation, licenses, and permits are always at minimum. In addition, it is easy to prepare and file tax returns for the business is not taxed separately from the owner, which makes it easy to fulfill reporting requirement in relation to taxes. Decision making process is simplified and faster since the owner is the sole decision maker. Sale and transfer of properties takes place at the discretion of the owner, hence maintenance of secrets within the organization (Lau Johnson, 2011, p. 236). Disadvantages In case the business falls into liability and is unable to pay, the owner is held liable for the debts and obligations of the organization. In addition, any liable act committed by the employees of the business is charged against the owner. In addition, the owner may not have expertise in all areas of management; therefore, he or she may find it difficult to run the entire business. Where there are no finances to start up the business, it is hard to raise capital, especially through seeking financial a ssistance from banking institutions.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More General partnership A partnership defines the relationship that exists between two or more people who have an aim of getting involved in business practices. In the course of carrying on a business, all parties involved share profits and losses as agreed. In the case of a general partnership, each of the partners contributes capital, skills, and even labor in return to sharing into the profits and losses of the business. Although, there is no regulation requiring a partnership to be registered officially, it is always recommended for people to do so (Lau Johnson, 2011, p. 240). In a court of law, evidence of two or more people carrying on a business is enough to call it a general partnership. It is also acceptable that a sole proprietor can change his or her business to this form. In the case stu dy, the sole proprietor is thinking of changing the form of his business to something else. However, if he settles for this form of business, he must be willing to have an additional partner into his business. Termination depends on the type of that the business partners were in; however, it can also end due to factors stipulated in the agreement. Advantages Raising capital is quite easier than when compared to a sole proprietorship for each partner contributes a certain portion of the capital. As opposed to a sole proprietorship, a general partnership can also access loans from financial and non-financial institutions. In the presence of an agreement, it would be easier to solve any problem that arises among partners. Division of labor can easily be exercised, as each partner will participate in running the business. Disadvantages In a general partnership, every partner is liable to all debts and liabilities of the organization. Unfortunately, all profits generated by the business are shared among partners. In addition, due to agency relationship that exists among partners, a mistake made by one person affects all other partners in the business. Death of a single partner means an end to that partnership. Partners are also not free to transfer the ownership of their share to another person freely. Secrecy is not guaranteed in this form of business since every partner is authorized to transact on behalf of all others and all have equal access to books of accounts (p 245). Limited partnership As opposed to a general partnership, limited partnership must involve proper documentation. Partners willing to venture into such a business must also be willing to have a specific location. The partnership consists of limited and a general partner. The limited partner enjoys limited liability, whereas general partners are held liable to the extent of their personal liability. Creation of a limited partnership begins by filing limited partnership certificates through the re levant agency.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advantages Not all partners are liable to the debts and liabilities of the company. Limited partners are not liable to the debts of the partnership. In case of general partners, they are only liable to the extent of their contribution and not the entire liability. Raising capital for the partnership is quite easy. Disadvantages Any legal liability attached to the partnership can be passed to the general partner if the business is unable to meet its obligations. On the other hand, limited partners are passive investors, as they are not allowed to assume active participation in the management of the business. The process of setting up may be long and cumbersome due to the registration procedure required. General partners end up bearing heavy and unnecessary risks of the business. C-corporation These traditional corporations are currently retained by most large organizations globally. The C- Corporations are governed by a board of directors, officers, and bylaws. Stock certificates are also issued to the initial shareholders. Formal paper work is filed in relations to stipulations within the state where the corporation is set up. Advantages The corporation ensures protection of the owners’ properties through separation of actions of owners from those of the corporation. The business is a legal entity that can act on its own; therefore, can sue or be sued without involving the stockholders and other officers. Shareholders have powers to vote for the directors based on their number of shares as stipulated in the articles of incorporation. Shareholders can freely transfer their shares without consultations. Disadvantages Lengthy and bureaucratic procedures are followed during incorporation. Decisions are made by officers and director, and thus the decisi ons may not align to the wishes of shareholders. These organizations are subject to corporate taxes that translate to additional costs to the organization. This corporation is subject to double taxation, since shareholders are also taxed on their dividends (Lau Johnson, p.249). S-corporation An organization has first to move to a C-Corporation before being upgraded to the status of an S Corporation. However, an S-Corporation cannot accommodate more than 100 shareholders. Moreover, it is the responsibility of these shareholders to pass their corporate income, deductions, losses, and credit. S Corporations have one class of stock. Advantages Shareholders have the privilege to choose their profits and the extent of their losses. The corporation is also not subject to double taxation as opposed to C-Corporations for the corporation reports the flow of incomes and losses on members’ personal tax return, hence avoiding double taxation.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Disadvantages The corporation has only allowable shareholders, thus restricting partnerships and alien shareholders. The corporation is also selective on some certain financial institutions, insurance companies, and some domestic and international sales corporations. For a small business, joining this corporation is complicated, as one has to fill some forms to be granted permission . Limited liability company This business organization has a membership of 10 to 20 members, but it should not exceed 50 members for professionals. Members’ property and shareholders are protected and thus cannot be used to settle financial obligations of an organization. One of the advantages of this form of a company is that shareholders’ wealth is protected. The company is also a going concern since the death of any member cannot affect the continuity of operations. However, the company is subject to double taxation since both the company and shareholders’ dividends are also taxed . Recommendations From the case presented above, it is evident that the business has outgrown its capacity as a sole proprietorship. Since the organization had not yet formed any form of the corporation, the owner should upgrade the business to a limited liability company. The organization needs to increase its earnings, thus leading to an increment in profits that can cater for the increased expenses in relation to those of other corporations. A limited liability company could suit the organization, as it is easier to form in comparison to the S and C corporations. Although the company is subject to double taxation, I strongly recommend this form of business organization. For the case of these other corporations, there are stringent measures, as stipulated by regulations governing the formation of these organizations. With the expansion of a business, an organization is likely to seek services of expatriates because such a move comes along with inventions and innovations mostly in technology. This aspect will be a crucial idea for the business that is dealing with timber products. Improved technology would ensure proper utilization of available resources and introduction of new designs. Although I support strategies outlined by S Corporations, I would not recommend it because this form does not favor alien shareholders. I strongly recommend a limited liability company as it would ensure wealth of shareholders is safeguarded. Moreover, the sole proprietor was used to dealing with a small number of employees; therefore, recommending companies that would require many shareholders would amount to incompetence. A limited liability company is suitable, as the owner will only have to deal with less than 50 shareholders, and thus management becomes easier. Reference Lau, T., Johnson, l. (2011). The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business. Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge. This critical writing on The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business was written and submitted by user Ignacio Flynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Bush and Saudi Connection and Ethics in Politics essays

The Bush and Saudi Connection and Ethics in Politics essays A couple weeks ago I was sitting in my small cell-like dorm room watching the controversial movie, Fahrenheit 9/11. By the way, if you have never seen the movie, I do highly recommend it. As I was watching the movie, a thought popped into my head like when you suddenly remember something you needed to remember but had totally forgotten. I knew right then that this is the topic that I should write about for my final ethics paper. I had pondered on what topic to write on before but nothing was coming. I knew that out of thirty people, the same topics dealing with religion, child labor, death penalty, and abortion were going to be repeated several times and I had no desire to bore the professor. I really wanted to pick a topic that was different. So, here it is, my topic is on the question of how ethical our dear President has been. According to dictionary.com, the definition of ethics is A set of principles of right conduct. A theory or a system of moral values, the study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a person; moral philosophy. The rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession. Here in the USA, in our very own government we can see questionable behavior in which the majority of Americans are unaware. As I had previously stated, I saw the controversial film, Fahrenheit 9/11, by Michael Moore that made got me question some of the statements made in the film. I researched the accuracy of these statements and found an overwhelming amount of documents supporting the statements on the Internet. Fahrenheit 9/11 is a film showing the connection President Bush and his father, Bush senior, have to the Bin Laden family and Saudi oil. To explain the connection I do have to give some background information. In the 1980s, the United States assisted the Saudis financially and militarily in a large buildup of airfields, ports, an...

Families should be held responsible for crimes committed by teenagers Essay

Families should be held responsible for crimes committed by teenagers - Essay Example It comes with no amazement to anyone who has had the opportunity to interact with adolescents that notwithstanding their wish to be treated like adults, they are intellectually immature in several vital ways. They are undeveloped and have not grown a coherent sense of self. Scientifically their mind is relative humble thus make their decisions to questionable. They may engage in risky behavior or act in reckless manner. This is due to poor decision making for they tend to process information less thoughtfully in the real world. Do parents have several responsibilities? Parental responsibility is a heavy load to bear; this is because parental responsibility is both legal as well as instructive. This means the parent is not only charged with the duty to educate the child but also to see that he adheres to the codes of conduct of the law (Archard & Mcleod, 2002). States such as the USA have developed laws to hold parents criminally responsible for the mistakes of their children. This ha s provided the state with the mandate to jail parents or even offer them community service. This article sought to answer the question posed if parents should be held responsible for crimes committed by their teenagers. ... The only exception arises when an individual manipulates a teenage brain to commit a crime. Parents have such influence in their teens especially those above 16 years. With this knowledge parents can be qualified for criminal intent. There is a notion that parental behavior is usually related to the child’s behavior. This is has been a dilemma to many, to prove that it indeed there is some truth in the statement. Hypothetically speaking had the parent acted differently would that have altered the child’s outcome or parents conduct led to the criminal behavior of the child. Blustein in his study reported that teenagers lack the autonomous, aptitude required to for acting on one’s own interest. Thus guardian is granted the mandate to act on their behalf. This will help the child in his growth to adult hood. It goes further to expound that teenagers lack the intellectual capacity to differentiate between what is right and wrong. These moral obligations hold that the y should be held responsible for the child’s action. With this knowledge parents are not held accountable on the fact that, the neglected their parenting role but for not inhibiting harm to the third party. They are assigned with this role for it is paramount that at a point in life the teenage will be likely to harm others, or there’s considerable risk they may do so. Should regulations be used to help fight crimes? St. Clares shores states that â€Å"parents should employ certain regulations to bar the child committing delinquent act†. This implies that the house the child is residing should be free of illegal fire arms, drugs and also impose curfews on the child. The rationale behind this is that they lack

Discussion Questions and Participation Question wk 4 Essay

Discussion Questions and Participation Question wk 4 - Essay Example Sometimes the floor or direct labor employees have great insight into how to make process improvements due to the fact of their experience work in the production line. A person’s leadership style has a tremendous influence in his / her behavior in the workplace. There are different types of leadership styles such as transactional, transformational, and charismatic. A transactional leader whose followers have the necessary exchanges for achieving routine performance agreed between leaders and their followers (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003). Such leaders do not get too close to their employees and they avoid developing personal relationship with their co-workers. Another type of leadership style is transformational leaders. Transformational leaders broaden and elevate the follower’s interest and stir followers to look beyond their own interests for the good of others (Schermerhorn, et. al., 2003). I agree with you that leaders should use power and control to exert leadership between the person and the workers. The employees have to recognize that the manager represents the controlling figure they must follow. A good manager will open the lines of communications with the workers in order to encourage greater participation and involvement. When the workers do not respect the manager in charge organizational conflict may arise. A good corporate culture includes an atmosphere in which the workers and managers mutually respect each other. The personality of the leader affects the person’s ability to influence the behavior of others. A leader with an outgoing personality is better able to captivate the imagination of the workers because this type of manager will have greater communication with the staff. A manager that keeps to himself is the type of manager that is not able to connect with the workers because his silence might be interpreted by the workers that the

Indigenous Studies The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada Essay - 1

Indigenous Studies The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada - Essay Example Modern democratic society aspires to render equitable justice at all times. However, this might not be possible all the time due to certain constraints which impinge on the delivery of just and equitable laws. The implementation of justice or equity can be haphazard, biased, prejudiced and discriminatory whenever democratic ideals are compromised. Democracy is supposed to be the rule by the majority but on the reverse side of this principle, the minority in a society can be subjected to various forms of injustice. The lack of justice can happen despite the best intentions because people can subvert the legal system to their own hidden agenda or interests. Injustice happens everywhere but it has become more widespread and rampant due to a dwindling of resources. When people compete for scarce natural resources and other necessities in life, it is inevitable conflicts will occur. When this happens, it is those in minority groups who will suffer because their democratic space and political rights are violated in favor of the greater majority. As they say, democracy is a form of oppression. It is the tyranny of the majority on the minority who are outvoted in any democratic electoral exercise and often marginalized. The United Nations has taken cognizance of the fact that certain groups are at risk for marginalization in society. These groups include people belonging to an ethnic minority, those in the female gender, the weak and the old, the very young, the uneducated, and other people who by their various or unique circumstance happen not to belong to the dominant majority group. In these instances, it is supposed to be the duty of the sate to afford them protection by the passage of appropriate laws and the full implementation of these laws for their benefit and survival. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has been

Wuthering Heights A Thematic Analysis

Wuthering Heights A Thematic Analysis Revenge is one of the prominent and stronger issues in the novel Wuthering Heights. Emily Bronte has discussed the cruel and wicked nature of human beings. Novel was set in the harsh, rough and isolated atmosphere of Yorkshire moors in northern England. There are many reasons of emergent revenge amid the characters. People were bounded and restricted due to their class systems. One of the causes of Heathcliffs vindictive nature is his belonging of lower class. Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw was failed to maintain equality between Hindley and Heathcliff. Throughout their lifes, both suffered and thus became as a victim of injustice. Character of Catherine is the true representation of Victorian women. One way Catherine pretends that she loves Heathcliff but on the same way she cheats him. If she chose Heathcliff for marriage, revenge would not have raised and automatically lives of many people would have saved. Edgar, Hindley and Catherines behaviour towards Heathcliff seems inhumane and disre spectful, therefore their brutal behaviour becomes the reason of Heathcliffs hurtful nature. Heathcliff proves himself that extreme of love is equally dangerous than as extreme of hate. His desire of taking revenge is superior to his love for Catherine. Edgar, Hindley, Catherine and Heathcliff have evenly participated in destroying lives of many people. By showing Heathcliffs devil style look, description of Wuthering Heights as haunted place, lack of religion, elements of ghost, Catherins and Heathcliff madness in love makes the story affected by supernatural elements and it also gives us contemplation that there is a super power around them who does not like peace and instructs them to take revenge from others. Showing the characters of Isabella and young Cathy, Emily has given us the lesson of morality as well. If both ladies obeyed Edgars suggestion, they would not become fools. Despite the fact that the revenge moves from one generation to another but in my perception character s like young Cathy and Hareton presents as the hope of peaceful future. Their sincere bonding abolishes the revenge completely at the end. Though my research topic seems pessimistic but I have ended up it an optimistic note. God does not take revenge from us. We all have to go to God with empty hands, only our deeds will go with us. Now it depends on us, either we want to die peacefully or not. Introduction Emily Bronte belongs to the Victorian age. Her novel Wuthering Heights is one of the classical novels of this age, although she died very young but Emilys work still have its uniqueness. The novel basically set in the harsh and isolated Yorkshire moors in northern England. Emily discussed very mature and bold issues. For example she wrote on escapism from religion which was totally against the customs of Victorian age. The people of this age were very strict and conservative about their religion. Women were also confined to their houses even they did not have the rights to choose their partner for marriage. We see Emilys own perception and imagination in this novel. According to the novel Wuthering Heights it depicts, that she was against the norms of Victorian age. The love triangle between Heathcliff, Catherine and Edgar seems very complex and complicated. Writer has revealed to the readers in earlier chapters that Catherine and Heathcliff both fall in love but Catherine chooses Edgar for marriage just for the sake of money and temporary physical attraction. After some time when Heathcliff gets wealth Catherine again gets closer to Heathcliff that is quite ironical. The character of Hindley represents as a jealous and a wicked person. He was the first person who started the vengeance. Revenge travels one generation to next generation. Characters like Hareton, Cathy and Linton are shown as the symbols of Victim. They suffered because of their parents. On the other hand Nelly Dean and Lockwood are shown as the narrators of the story. Since my research is qualitative so the only source of my research is reading. My research thesis has consisted on four chapters. First chapter is about The Issue of Class System. Difference between the classes of the characters is one of the main issues of the novel. The novel was written at a time when the people of England were affected not only with the economy and Industrial revolution but also with the traditional class structure of this age. The orphan Heathcliff suffered due to his lower class. Second chapter has covered The Role of Revenge and Vengeance in the novel. Because of the revenge, Hindley used to torture Heathcliff. Heathcliffs education was stopped by Hindley, he did not get a chance to raise his social class. Although Catherine loved Heathcliff but she got fascinated by the wealth and life style of Edgar and decided to marry with him. Catherines rejection made him cruel, selfish and arrogant. Third chapter is about the Impacts of Violence and Obsession that rotate around the characters of the novel. Hindleys jealousy and the ill- treatment with orphan Heathcliff raised aggression in him. As a result Heathcliff did not spare anyone. The violent and jealous behavior of Hindley destroys his sisters life too. Wuthering Heights is a strong but morbid novel of love and suffering. Through this novel Emily has tried to convey the lesson that why it is important to keep the balance between relationships? We can conclude it at the end of the story in the following way, doing anything in an excess level is not supposed to be a good thing. The obsession of love and revenge both have crossed the limits in the novel. Victim of the destructive influences of the obsession are Isabella, Cathy and Linton. The extremist love of Heathcliff destroyed his own life too. Fourth chapter has included The Supernatural Effects of the story. Wuthering Heights is famous for its gothic elements. The house (Wuthering Heights) itself gives the mysterious, unwelcoming, haunted and old looks. The eighteen century was dominated by supernatural novels. That is why Emily wrote a romantic story along with the gothic effects. Heathcliff has shown as a hero with horror looks. LITERATURE REVIEW Keyword: Revenge The act of harming somebody in return for harm they have done (Oxford Popular School Dictionary. 2008) Charles Percy Sanger wrote an essay in (1926). He is the first person, who did detailed examination of the novel Wuthering Heights. Throughout his essay, he was finding an answer of question which had in his mind. Sanger starts an essay with the pedigree of the two families. Sanger notices all the dates. Novel starts with the date 1801. June 1778 was the year of Haretons birth, 20th March was the date of birth of Catherine. The marriage date of Catherine Earnshaw and Edgar Linton was June 1783. Catherine died at 2 a.m. on Monday 20th March 1784. According to Charles, Emily Bronte did not use a calendar. For him this mistake seems unusual characteristic of novel. I found his research very unique and different but on the same time, he has neglected some major issues of the novel. Revenge is one of the main issues, he has not written a single sentence on it. This seems strange because this was one of the detailed works on Wuthering Heights. At the end of his essay he has accepted that h is research is technically dull. Linda Golds examined the Wuthering Heights on the basis of Freudin interpretations in (2011). She analysed in depth, the symbiosis of Catherine, Heathcliff and Edgar. In the same way she has made readers mind that how did revenge grown up between them? She has written her research on the interpretations of Freuds id, ego and superego. Heathcliffs id is suspicious. No one knows where he spent three years before coming into Wuthering Heights. Then she comes on Catherine, she had a very social personality. Her id was energetic and sharp minded. Her ego restricted and controlled her life to take changes. Then she discussed Edgar the super egoist. He is a true representative of Victorian era. He uses his wit power to select him rather than to Heathcliff. According to Freuds analysis a male ego person would have the courage to deal successfully with the world, a female egoist person would have to live through males. Gold moves her Freudin Scrutiny to the second generation at the end. She s aid the whole structure of Wuthering Heights would be read as the development of one personality. If we see Wuthering Heights in the light of Golds research we will definitely agree with her. Id, ego and superego belong to Heathcliff, Catherine and Edgar respectively. An entirely different approach has given by Grame Tytler in (2011). He has applied 19th century psychological theory on Wuthering Heights and further wrote an essay on it. Healthcliff was affected by monomaniac. Monomaniac was a very famous disease in Brontes days. New name of this disease is obsession, specific disorder in someones personality. Healthcliff had clearly symptoms of monomaniac. The whole research of Grame revolves around Heathcliff and the effects of monomaniac on him. The first symptom of this disease is passion. We all agree with the fact that Heathcliff loved Catherine passionately. When Catherine chose Edgar as her life partner, Heathcliff whole life destroyed. We can compare our self with Heathcliff. What will be our reaction if someone rejects us? Naturally we shout, scold and cry. Simultaneously reaction of Healthcliff seems natural at start but after some time his human nature turned into wild animal. He has taken out all his pain as revenge. He used to torture and harassed Isabella, Cathy and Hareton. Isabella says to Nelly Is Mr Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? (Bronte,E.1988,ch:13:135) Tytler described different stages of Heathcliff. He is the true picture of obsession. It could be more beneficial for us if he would emphasis on other characters too. The readers who were read Wuthering Heights were shocked by the violence in the story. It is true because in 1847 people were not habitual for this kind of violence. Violence enhanced the revenge factor in the story. Violence revolves around many characters. For example it starts with Heathcliff and Hindley fight. We see in every violent scene there was a reason behind it. Hindley did not accept Heathcliff in his house. He used to hate his father when he supported Heathcliff. The relationship between Edgar and Heathcliff were full of revenge. Characters like Isabella and Cathy who suffered a lot, changed into wild and violent characters. Knives, blood on tree, taunts, harsh and aloud sound, whip are symbolisms of violence in the story. It is very important to think why Emily has shown this kind of extreme violence? It can be several interpretations. May be she wanted to reveal the reality of Victorian society or maybe she wanted to give a lesson or by showing violence and revenge she wanted to highlight the inner pain of human being. Vengeance is the most imminent topic in Wuthering Heights. Many researches and essays have been written on this issue. In this essay critic added Austin OMalley Statement he said Revenge is often like biting because a dog bit you (123helpme.com):(a) OMalleys quote gives a sense of cruel reality. No one can find peace through revenge. An essay starts with the Heathcliff plan that he wanted to take revenge from Edgar through Isabella. The death of Catherine proves that the plan helps him nothing. Catherine ghost were used to wandering around the earth. For 20 years, visiting Heathcliff and tortured him. Let me alone, let me alone. Sobbed Catherine, if I have done wrong, Im dying for it. It is enough! You left me too: but I wont be upbraid you! I forgive you. Forgive me! (Bronte, E.1988,ch:13:144) .In my opinion the problem maker is Catherine in the story because she does not love Edgar. She chooses social status, fame and popularity instead of Heathcliffs true love. Catherine nature re sembles with the poetry of Oliver Goldsmith When lovely woman stoops to folly and finds too late that men betray, what charm can soothe her melancholy? What art can wash her guilt away? The only art her guilt to cover, to hide her shame from every eye, to give repentance to her lover, and wring his bosom, is to die. (Goldsmith,O, When lovely woman stoops to folly:1-8) Hindleys revenge destroys his own life. He got bankrupt and his beloved wife died and eventuality he died. Emily story compels her readers to think what Heathcliff achieved at the end? Is he got Catherine? Revenge worked nothing for him. Emily did great work by showing revenge as negative stigma. Anton has written a thesis on the characterization of Wuthering Heights in (2011). Emily depicts the social code, conventions and challenges of Victorian society. It can also be taken as a deep criticism on Brontes time. Antons approach is quite new because he has taken out several important points. Thrushcross Grange symbolises as Edgar personality like decent and full of manners. While Wuthering Heights symbolises as Heathcliff personality like wild and unfriendly. Both houses inhabit dogs. The dogs of Wuthering Heights are wild, chaotic and habitual of natural environment. Grange owns pet dogs. Hindleys personality shows a real man of Victorian era. He is charming, sensitive and emotional but when his father did discrimination between him and Heathcliff, his nature becomes alter. Catherine also affected by the situation and lifted closer to Heathcliff. The whole novel is full of paradoxical and ironical situations. For example, Catherine chooses Edgar instead of Heathcliff however she does not love Edgar. Catherine still loves Heathcliff but tries to bring Isabella and Heathcliff nearer. My poor little sister-in-law is breaking her heart by mere contemplation of your physical and moral beauty. It lies in your own power to be Edgars brother! No, no, Isabella, you shant run off, she continued, arresting, with feigned playfulness, the confounded girl, who had risen indignantly. We were quarrelling like cats about you, Heathcliff (Bronte,E.1988,ch:10:108) Isabella, who is educated and mannered girl and lives with Catherine in one house still un aware with the affair of Catherine and Heathcliff how strange? The whole structure of the novel compels readers to think beyond the imaginations. According to Eric Solomon Wuthering Heights has an incest theme. He has written a thesis in (1959) in which, he has raised many issues to justify his opinion. He quoted Richard Chase statement. He considers that Is impossible to imagine such a stormy, undisciplined pair as Cathy and Heathcliff ever setting down to a normal life of domesticity. (Chase,R. quoted in Solomon,E.1959:80) Because of Heathcliffs black skin ton, it is not clear whether he was a gypsy or prince or devil? According to Nelly Deans narration old Earnshaw brought orphan Heathcliff to his own home. Mrs.Earnshaw did not like her husbands step. She was thinking that her husband is mad or he may be having an illegitimate child. Because it was an old tradition in 18th century the provincial slum, the waif must have had some protector then why this child was wandering alone? Erics philosophy seems right because as brother and sister they could not be get married. As a son of Mr.Earnshaw he had rights to own the property . In the middle of the story we see Heathcliff comes as an owner of Wuthering Heights. The characters of Heathcliff and Catherine can be taken as victims of fate and things were beyond with their control. Erics research might be true because he closes his research on the Cathys question. She is Heathcliff, does she mean that they are one flesh as well as one spirit? (Solomon, E. 1959:83) Emily has left many questions on readers. Now it depends on us, from which angle of Wuthering Heights do we see? Arnold Shapiro has compared Wuthering Heights with Great Expectation and Jane Eyre in (1969). His research is based on the ethical and moral traditions of the Victorian period. According to him Dickens, Charlotte and Emily have shown same issues in their writing. Like their characters have to face the problems and at the end they reach into the same conclusion. Heathcliff and Pip both are orphan alone and outcast as much as alien in the novels. Then he compares Mr.Earnshaw with Reeds, they bring stranger to their houses. Characters of Heathcliff and Jane also resembles both are looking different from everyone else therefore seems to bear a threat like Mrs.Earnshaw was ready to fling out Heathcliff and Reeds forced Jane to live with servants. Joe and Mr.Earnshaw both helped Pip and Heathcliff in many ways and it is very interesting to know that both Estella and Catherine betrayed to their lovers. In the Victorian period people were very good christens. In novel Wuthering Heights, Lint ons brought up shows that he is good in religion but when Isabella spoiled by Heathcliff and looking towards his brother, Edgar shows no humanity and ill behavior. I seek no revenge on you, replied Heathcliff, less vehemently. Thats not the plan. The tyrant grinds down his slaves and they dont turn against him; they crush those beneath them. You are welcome to torture me to death for your amusement, only allow me to amuse myself a little in the same style. (Bronte,E.1988,ch:11:114) Both Cathy and Catherine are having different natures. Catherines nature is greedy therefore she made her house on the grave of her lover while on the other hand young Cathys nature is sympathetic. As in the same way, the desires of Heathcliff are endless because he has sadistic nature. According to James Hafley villain and problem maker in Wuthering Heights is Ellen Dean. He has read Wuthering Heights in the light of new experience. Charlotte Bronte said about Nelly For a specimen of true benevolence and homely fidelity, look at the character of Nelly Dean. (Bronte,C. quoted in Hafley,J.1958:199) In my opinion, Nellys role in Wuthering Heights is very prominent. She is a nurse and narrator of the story and to write thesis on Nelly is something exceptional. The critic of this paper adds textual evidence in order to make strong his points. Nelly had an objection that why Mr.Earnshaw brought Heathcliff in home? Throughout her life she never liked Heathcliff. Joseph always notices Nellys facial expression becomes change when she is narrating about Heathcliff. She used to create problems between characters. After Catherines marriage Nelly moved with her to Thrushcross Grange. She became greedy and acted as a queen over there. A person who has not done one half his days work by ten oclock runs a chance of leaving the other half undone. (Bronte, E.1988,ch:7:69)She never tried to solve the problems of Grange house. I rang the bell and committed it to a servant care. (Bronte, E.1988,ch:17:164) She knows Heathcliff came back and now he is trying to meet with Catherine but she remained as silent and sees how Heathcliff compelled Isabella to marry him. She is also responsible when Cathy got hostile by Heathclif. I really appreciate James effort but we should remember the fact that Nelly Dean is just a poor servant of house. She has fulfilled all the duties commendably. Distortion and exaggeration are equally important topic in Wuthering Heights which lifts Heathcliff to take revenge. Heathcliff cries many times for Catherine. I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul! (Bronte,E.1988,ch:17:161) Catherine also feels same for him once she spoke to Nelly that Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same. (Bronte,E.1988,ch:11:86) It shows both of them truly love each other. After Catherines death her she used to haunt Heathcliff as a ghost. Despite of their physical separation, Edgar could not part them spiritually. Heathcliff shows his vindictive nature and becomes evil more than Satan. After Catherine he decides to take revenge from every one. Only Catherine could have saved because of her death. Heathcliff has tried his best to destroy Isabella, Linton, Cathy, Hareton lives. Emily over exaggerated the fear of death. For example in the beginning it was shocking to read Lockwood injured by the wild dogs. At that time peo ple were not habitual for this kind of tension. Because of this Wuthering Heights had faced criticism but ultimately novel has changed peoples mind. Now Wuthering Heights considers as classics of Victorian period. Critics appreciated the frame narration of Wuthering Heights a lot. Many researches and essays have been written on Nelly Dean. In another paper critic has expresses his thoughts. Nelly is having a very strong character in novel. She had philosopher type mind Nelly says: Proud people breed sad sorrows for themselves. (Bronte,E.1988,ch:7:64) She is not only nurse and servant but in addition she is a mother for Catherine and Hindley. She has lived all her life between moors and justified his role whether live in Grange or Wuthering Heights. Whenever Cathy needed help she always did whatever she could. She is a person of wisdom and. dignity. Once she said A good heart will help you to a bonny face, my lad, if you were a regular black; and a bad one will turn the bonniest into something worse than ugly. (Bronte,E.1988,ch:7:65) Witness of almost every incident but never cheated any one. She used to guide everyone. Bitirme Tezis writes thesis in (2009). He emphasizes on the love and isolation of Wuthering Heights. He further elaborates his research and says it can be a cause of destructive relationships in the novel. Our mind starts understanding his point of views when we closely read the novel. Isolation of Wuthering Heights recognises as have the connection of moors and hills and strong natural environment, on the other hand isolation of Thrushcross Grange is connected with the idea of lively atmosphere. Gimmerton society was the high class society in those days. Wuthering Heights had no communication with Gimmerton and they were isolated from society while the Thruchcross Grange had strongly relations with Gimmerton people. That is the reason people of Thrushcross were more educated, mannered and very much affected with the norms of 18th century. Therefore lack of association with high class strongly affected the people of Wuthering Heights. Catherine, who is poor, meets with rich Edgar, sh e impresses by his wealth and finally they get married. It seems very normal but on the wider imagination it has created differences between many people and became a cause of revenge. Wuthering Heights was very famous in Victorian period. Some readers like the novel and some not. Many critics have long list for the reasons of disliking. Infanticide and Sadism is one of the reasons. Wade Thompson has criticised the novel. I respect his views and agree with what he said about infanticide. Catherine Earnshaw is not quite eight when her mother dies; Cathy Lintons birth coincides with her mothers death; Haretons mother dies in the year of his birth; and Heathcliff is an orphan by the time he is seven. Even the children who receive motherly care throughout their childhood do not receive it long after they reach puberty. Linton Heathcliff loses his mother when he is not quite thirteen-Linton, of course, is a child all his life-and Isabella Linton is orphaned when she is fourteen. The only exceptions-and these unimportant-are Hindley Earnshaw and Edgar Linton, who are sixteen and eighteen respectively when their mothers die and even their mothers are apparently not very m otherly.(Thompson,W.1963:69) but I m not agree when he said about sadism, in my opinion Heathcliff never wanted to have an adult relation with Catherine but for his desire of revenge, he forced Linton to have relation with Catherine. Only Heathcliff and Catherine are not responsible for Linton and Catherine, Isabella and Edgar are equally responsible for the destruction. Wuthering Heights shows destructive relationships between the characters. In another essay critic has pointed out the characteristics of destructive relationship. He discusses topics like un-caring parents, jealousy and desire of revenge. His research seems right because Mr.Earnshaw was unsuccessful to maintain a balance between Hindley and Heathcliff. Another example is Hareton and Hindley. Hindley never became a good father, he had spoiled his life in drugs and because of him Hareton departed as uneducated person. The primary example of destructive relationship is Heathcliff and Linton. Once Linton says: himMy father threatened me, and I dread him I dread! (Bronte,E.1988,ch:27:244) Isabella, Heathcliff and Catherine, Edgar both couples are the example of destructive relationship. In my opinion our brought up make our life good or bad, if we have proper family atmosphere we wont be get jealous which creates ultimately a desire of revenge. The influence of childhood pervades throughout the novel. In another essay, critic has compared two generations childhood behaviour. Heathcliff, Catherine and Hindley have shared childhood together. According to Steve Davies The childhood of both protagonists Heathcliff and Catherine, haunts them in their adult lives thus affecting their interactions with and their behavior towards other people in a negative way.(customwritings.com):(b) They used to dinning and sleeping together. But because of many quarrels and jealousy their relation became dejected and vengeful. At one time Heathcliff said Im trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back. I dont care how long I wait, if I can only do it at last. I hope he will not die before I do! (Bronte,E.1988,ch:7:69) In my point of view Emily has fully justified with the plot. One way she has shown negative impacts of these people at the end of the story then on the same way, she has opened a door of new life by showing Catherine and Hareton m arriage. They are the hope of new generation. They have overcome their bitter memories. In another essay critic expresses his views and says Wuthering Heights is a silly love story. He has given this title on the basis of two books one is written by Robert McKibben, and second is Control of Sympathy in Wuthering Heights written by John Hagan. I totally agree with his perception that only Catherine and Heathcliff should not be blame for the disasters in the story. They were passionately in love. But we all know in every love story there is always a third person who creates problems between lovers life. Edgar has played third persons role in the story. After the death of Catherine, Heathcliff used to cry and scold most of the time. Come in! come in! he sobbed. Cathy, do come. Oh, do -once more! Oh! My hearts darling, hear me this time Catherine, at last!(Bronte,E.1988,ch:3:41) Wuthering Heights gives us lesson that revenge is dangerous and harmful for our life. To conclusion, Emily Bronte has created a new world in one novel Wuthering Heights. She has shown influence of childhood, social problems, destructive relationships, violence, isolation and many others. The root cause of all these problems is Revenge. My research focuses on finding the reasons behind any act of revenge because I truly believe that God has not created men with the negative nature it is the circumstances that creates human being nature as vindictive. Since those researches which I have discussed in literature review are not adequate, therefore I have done this research. My research is not the last research on this topic I hope it will link towards new beginning. RESEARCH QUESTION: How does revenge rotate around the characters of Wuthering Heights? SIGNIFICANCE Whenever we read word revenge something negative comes in our mind and we usually fixed our mind on it. There is always a reason behind any negative behavior and that is why I have chosen this topic. My target is to find out the reasons that make the human being hard hearted and contemptuous. The Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is the perfect example of Revenge. We see revenge starts from the beginning of the novel and stays throughout the story. My research will compel people to change their minds and they will get to know how harmful and dangerous revenge is. If Earnshaw maintained the equality between Heathcliff and Hindley, revenge would not be raised. My research has ended on an optimistic message and people will surely take a lesson from it. ANALYSIS Chapter: 1 The Issue of Class System The social and class structure of 18th century were the same as it is today. Classes were confined into Lower, Bourgeois and Aristocrat. People from lower class were feeling reluctant because they did not get respect from the society. Bourgeois people used to degrade these people and that was the reason, both sides of people were feeling jealous for each other. Emily has created a new world by writing Wuthering Heights. She shows the actual game of our society in which everybody is running after lust. Acquiring of everything is not a new habit of human being. When we see Wuthering Heights under the roof of class structure, the cruel reality of human being comes in front of us. We see a selfish world, in which clever, arrogant, self centered and selfish people lives they think only for themselves. Everyone seems greedy for money. Lets take firstly the house of Wuthering Heights. People who lives in the house, belongs to middle class. The live of these people grows very well but one day Mr. Earnshaw brings a boy in his home by the name of Heathcliff. He does not get a warm welcome by the family members. Mrs Earnshaw was ready to fling out of doors: she did fly u, asking how she could fashion to bring that gypsy brat into the house. (Bronte,E.1988,ch:4:48) Even after so many years he fails to make strong relations with them. According to them, a black hair boy with dirty clothes comes and disturbs the smooth life of Wuthering Heights. Once Catherine says, Poor Healthcliff! Hindley calls him a vagabond and wont let him sit with us, nor eat with us anymore; and he says, he and I must not play together and threaten to runs him out of the house if we break his order. (Bronte, E.1988,ch:3:36) A very first question arises here why family members did not accept Heathcliff in the house? An answer of this question is, h e belongs to lower class or he has a black colour. Because of this weakness he did not get a chance to learn education, he lost his lover Catherine and the whole life of Heathcliff turned as disaster. Time passes, Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw dies. Catherine and Heathcliff come nearer on the other hand Hindley appears as an enemy of Heathcliff. Catherine loves Heathcliff but she decides to marry with Edgar. Heathcliff is a poor man with no money no assets no land. On the other hand Edgar is a rich boy with everything which any girl wants after marriage. Catherine expresses her feelings with Nelly as He will be rich and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband (Bronte,E.1988,ch:8:83) If Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars? Whereas, if I marry Linton, I can aid Heathcliff to rise, and place him out of my brothers power (Bronte,E.1988,ch:8:87) Catherine shows her greedy nature, she thinks she will live lavishly with Edgar. Heathcliff wont give her high standard living which she used to live in Wuthering Heights. Nelly was also in favour of Edgar. She thinks Heathcliff is a Worthless friend (Bronte, E.1988,ch:11:113) of Catherine. According to Derek Traversi Reflection, aided by Nelly, presents Heathcliff as what he undeniably is: a brutal creature whom she could certainly abandon with social advantage to marry the young, rich and attractive Edgar Linton. Nelly guided by her inherent good nature and by long if not particularly imaginative experience of life, maintains that Edgar is a good match, that he is socially speaking acceptable and likely to bring her to normal domestic happiness, where as he

The impact of migration on families around the world

Migration has been an on going phenomena from past to present. Individuals, families or group of people may leave a country voluntarily because of events such as harsh environmental or economic conditions. Migration has always been an important part of human endeavour. Migration can have positive and negative impacts on the families and also the country. With pros such as freedom, job vacancies and benefits to host country, it's no surprise most people don't have second thoughts about the cons such as effects on child, decrease in economy and propagation of diseases. Firstly migrants frequently settle in places with lesser population. These places would be having a shortage of skilled labour due to the decreased population. The migrants bring with them enough skills that will help support the economy. The migrants may be skilled people like doctors or unskilled people like construction workers. Migrants may increase unemployment in certain areas, but this is compensated by their raising the overall level of demand like housing and household related goods, needs†¦This promotes both a higher level and a wider range of goods and services produced, stimulating the economy and job growth. Migrants help to reduce labor shortages and also attract international traders through their foreign knowledge and language skills. Secondly migrants will be usually willing to fill job vacancies that local people are unwilling to fill. These include jobs such as babysitting, cleaning and other activities. This is an advantage for the existing community. Migration benefits not only the migrants, but also the countries that receive them, and even the countries they have left. Migrants doing these jobs live a happy and free life in a country where they get equal opportunity and thereby secure a better future for themselves and their families. For many young people, the experience and skills they acquire in the jobs to which they have migrated can serve as a step to further migration for better paid jobs. In addition to this researchers concur unanimously in reporting that migratory workers use part of their savings from working to improve their homes, whether by decorating them, extending them or introducing basic services such as electricity, water and drainage. Similarly, it is common to find that localities with migrants benefit from their contributions by receiving monetary support that helps them to improve diverse services, whether urban infrastructure, health, religious, educational or entertainment services. In towns with migrants it is common to find acknowledgments from the residents to their fellow townsmen for having helped them build a school or health clinic, or to introduce drinking water or build or improve the church,†¦. However the importance of keeping in regular contact: e-mails and text messages can in no way substitute for the physical presence of a parent, but they can help a child feel connected with family members who are away. Finally, there is the importance of the family's relations and communication before the migration. Many parents presumably do not migrate unless they think their children can cope in the first place. A factor found to be extremely important is the child's understanding of, and support for, the family goal. In fact, an individual's migration can be highly valued within a family: it can give status, not only for the material objects the migration may bring, but in more symbolic form of being the family member who gives for others. Some of these observations might be extrapolated to the situation of children affected by HIV and AIDS. Moreover it is generally believed that those migrants who have had the courage to leave one country and move to another are often enterprising and entrepreneurial, even if poor. As such, in many countries, migrants often set up small businesses. They however, become easy targets when the general economic conditions in that host country worsen. In other cases, people become migrants because they have fleed worsening conditions or persecution. In that situation, although they may live in another country, it may initially be quite difficult to adapt and change practices and customs. In such situations migrants are clearly seen as different and in worsening economic times can be seen as sapping away resources that could otherwise have been used for local populations. Furthermore migrating parents may decide, whether by choice or due to untenable circumstances to leave their children in their country of origin, planning either to return to their household of origin or to reunite much later in their destination country. The decision of one or both parents to migrate and consequently, to leave children behind, may be the result of an individual altruistic decision to send remittances in order to make their family members' lives better, or the result of household utility maximization that may take into consideration also the risks and perils of travel. Children whose parents are working abroad have a similar profile to those living in mono-parental families resulting from the parents' separation or from the death of one parent. This shows that, although the work abroad is temporary, the impact on the children could be similar to that of the loss of a parent, through divorce or death. In conclusion, children whose parents are working abroad should be considered at risk. That would be a first recommendation to children protection authorities, who should find solutions to strengthen the relations between school and the social services system. For many migrants, migration represents an alternative for supporting their families. Nevertheless, while going to work abroad contributes significantly to household incomes, it also has many social costs. Migration also affects social relations. Migration also changes the roles within the family additional tasks must be assumed by those left behind.

Psychological Factors of Women with Infertility Problems Essay

Giving birth to a new born is considered very priceless by their proud mothers. The agony of not having a baby due to several constraints and hindrances proved to be very critical to a women’s health, emotionally and physically. Psychological effects of infertility include anxiety; depression, guilt, isolation, and relationship tension. These can be considered causes or as a result of infertility and often times can affect interventions or treatment to make pregnancy possible. The problem of infertility is considered one of the hindrances that can affect women’s health and their social interactions comes along with it. In the United States, almost 10% of individuals in the reproductive age are affected by infertility and approximately 50 % of which comprised of couple seeking for possible treatment to make pregnancy possible. Aside from the psychological aspects, several factors which are associated with infertility in women include advancing age, endocrine dysfunction, increasing body mass index, and irregular and long menstrual cycle. Women suffering from infertility problems have psychological stress indicators such as long existence of negative emotions during the period of trying to conceive, changes on their partner’s relationship, depressed moods, problems with concentration or memory, low self- esteem, and anxiety. Reported studies also indicate women with infertility problems were more susceptible to have depression, occurring on its first diagnosis. Emotional well being is also affected if the in-vitro fertilization procedures were unsuccessful (Burns and Grambsch, 2002). Also, women with unknown organic cause of infertility would likely to develop a deeper depressive emotions, anxiety, and suppression of anger compared to women with known cause of infertility. However, the measure of the physiological aspects has not been associated with the process of in-vitro fertilization and infertility. Most of the time, women having infertility problems are willing to neglect or have a certain degree of tolerance to related risk factors just to conceive pregnancy and are mostly have less adverse on the risk as compared to their husband or partner. The support of the husband or the partner plays a vital role in such a way that the desire of both for parenthood must have a common perspective. In this way, marital adjustment will take its part to ensure a healthy relationship. If the partner has a greater desire than the woman, this can bring emotional stress too such as depression. Other than the husband or the partner, the society also plays an important part on the woman with infertility problems. The perception of having less support other than the partner can have avoidance as a social or a defense mechanism. If the attempts for conceptions are not successful, the absence of moral or any support coming from the society can also cause depressive emotions and symptoms. Though infertility can cause distinct psychological effects on women, several treatments are being practiced and applied to help conception possible. In general, there are two methods of treating infertility: the psychological treatment through counseling to achieve conception, and the in-vitro fertilization treatment process. Both of which, some way or another, have adverse psychological effects on the mental state of a woman. The psychological treatment through counseling is one method on the treatment of infertility. This treatment of counseling can be conducted either during the process of natural conception, and/or during the process of the in-vitro fertilization. Furthermore, support from counseling has been significant to improve depression and anxiety to couples having fertility treatment. Usually the treatment comprised of a ten-session treatment implying behavioral (cognitive) therapy. On related studies, 42% conceived pregnancies after completing the treatment for 6 months and these women have a relatively higher distress pretreatment compared to women who did not undergo counseling. The process of counseling usually takes place after the application of the in-vitro fertilization rather than before the conception or the pregnancy test. The purpose of which is to help women to have a lesser degree of depression and anxiety. Women who conceived pregnancy after the process of in-vitro fertilization tend to have an improved self-esteem and a lesser degree of depression. Therefore, the psychological process of intervention through counseling will be more successful if applied to women with infertility problems during repeated or unsuccessful in-vitro treatment, absence of a partner and social support, and with a state of greater depression. Medical intervention is another method and is commonly applied if the psychological fertility treatment or counseling has failed though the exposure to medication of a possible fetus if there is a conception should be avoided. The in-vitro fertilization treatment process is another method to achieve conception. This includes the introduction of certain medications to enhance the reproductive state of a woman to achieve conception. This process goes along with the counseling treatment during the period of conception to ensure a high probability of giving birth. But the chemicals involved in the process also have a psychological association to the mental state of the woman. The manipulations of hormone to assist reproduction can have an effect on their psychological state, for instance the clomiphene citrate has been known to be associated with psychosomatic symptoms; the gonadotropin hormone is also associated with increased state of anxiety and depression (Eyal, Toren, Dor, Mester, and Rehavi , 1996). Aside from the side effects caused by the chemicals, the process also have an effect to those women who conceived after the treatment. Some women showed intense muscle tension, and others have emotions of low self-esteem, self-efficacy, and a greater negative behavior as reaction to pregnancy-related stress compared to those women who conceived naturally. More over, women after giving birth through the process of in-vitro treatment have observed their infant as more temperamentally hard. This can be attributed also to the psychological effects to women who conceived because of the treatment. Thus, even if the treatment is successful, support through counseling during the period of conception should be conducted so that the babies as well as the mothers may benefit through having a state of mental wellness. Common outcome in the in-vitro fertilization treatment process is having multiple births, occurring almost 35% on most cases. Reduction of embryo for multiple states of pregnancies has been proven emotionally disturbing and chaotic. Twin births which are assisted have a significant difference compared to spontaneous twin births with regards to low weight after birth, high premature state, and early gestational stage. At some instances, assisted birth twins have likely to develop a greater degree of depression and respiratory diseases at birth. The psychological effect of which to mothers depends on how they cope with the situation but generally they become more aware of the babies health and needs, maternal or parental stress and depression, and unmet needs of the family. The psychological factors proved to be very critical with regards to the concept of infertility to women. These factors can affect both the mental and physical state of a woman. Factors include anxiety, depression, guilt, isolation, and relationship tension. These can be considered as a result of infertility or its related causes and most of the times have a significant effect on the treatment or interventions being conducted. Interventions and treatments include the psychological treatment through counseling and by in-vitro fertilization. The treatment through counseling is being conducted during the pre conception and also after the in-vitro fertilization to primarily help the woman and also the baby inside to have a lesser degree of depression-related emotions and anxieties. The in-vitro fertilization process includes the introduction of chemicals to enhance the reproductive state of a woman, though there are several adverse side effects on the woman’s psychological state such as obtaining psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression, intense tension on the muscles, lower self esteem, and self efficacy. Eventually the process of realizing infertility and the consequent treatments and interventions proved to be stressful. The technology on the reproductive area can some way or another make the conception of pregnancy possible, but the psychological effects or factors associated proved to be very critical. The early or prompt action through psychological intervention can be very significant in the realization of a couple to have a baby. Furthermore, the support coming from a partner, a husband, and from the society can also help lessen the degree of emotional stress being experienced by the woman having infertility problems. Thus, the psychological factors can influence a woman’s reproductive state or in another point of view can be a cause and effect of infertility.

Love from the Inside Essays

Love from the Inside Essays Love from the Inside Essay Love from the Inside Essay Shakespeare’s sonnet 130 My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; is a sonnet written for the common man. It is written in such a simplistic way that anyone can understand the idea Shakespeare is trying to convey. Despite its simple outer appearance, sonnet 130’s internal mechanisms are used perfectly to further illustrate Shakespeare’s point. By using the traditional format of a Shakespearean sonnet, focusing on the renaissances’ popular topic of love, and satirizing this ideal, Shakespeare enforces the theme-outward appearances are insignificant-in all aspects of his sonnet.Sonnet 130 is easily identified as a shakespearean sonnet because it contains all of the crucial aspects of one. It has 14 lines arranged in three quatrains and a couplet, an abab cdcd efef gg rhyme scheme written in iambic pentameter, as well as many examples of assonance and similes. The first line’s simile, My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; (line 1) sets the whole mood of the piece by saying something the reader is definitely not expecting to hear. This isn’t the only simile used.Although this is the only line that has a like in it, there are other similes used throughout the sonnet where like or as are implied. Coral is far more red than her lips’ red, (line 2) is just one example of this. I have seen roses damask’d, red and white/ But no such roses see I in her cheeks, (Lines 5-6) is the only metaphor in the sonnet, every other comparison is an implied simile. Many of these similes also contained examples of assonance. Nothing like the sun, (Line 1) is a simple example of this.This sonnet is structured exactly how you would expect it to be, however the subject is addressed in such an unconventional way that it will throw you off. Just because all of the numbers look right on paper does not mean that the piece is just like any other sonnet written in this format. It may share the same format with all of Shakespeare’s other sonnets, but the way it is written is quite different from all of them. It is satirical not serious. In the renaissance many authors and poets began to obsess on the idea of love. They viewed it as this perfect thing.So many ideas and opinions about love were thrown out in the form of plays, poems, songs, stories, etc. , that it became an unachievable dream due to the high expectations of the lovers. True love was between two perfect people, who looked and acted as such. It was not between two common people who were flawed in their appearance and stature. Shakespeare focuses on love in this sonnet just as much as those writers and poets did in theirs; the difference is that Shakespeare plays on their perfect ideals to create a satiric portrayal of true love.He says the opposite of what he knows his reader expects to hear in the classic love poem. Instead of long luscious locks cascading down her back, black wires grow on her head (line 4). His mistress didn’t float across the ground like a goddess. She instead treads on the ground (line 12). Shakespeare doesn’t puff up the notion of love like so many of his colleagues do. He lays the truth out right in front of the reader. The image of love he puts in the reader’s mind is not one of beauty.In fact, Shakespeare challenged the ways of the common Renaissance love writer in this sonnet by creating a detailed image of a very unattractive woman. A quick glance at the poem may cause you to interpret it as very unkind and degrading, but when you study it more closely you find that it is actually very heartfelt and sincere. After the lover in this poem goes on and on for 12 lines about how ugly his mistress is, he sums up the true meaning of his rant in the final couplet, And yet, by, heaven, I think my love as rare/ As any she belied with false compare. (Lines 13-14) In two lines he summarized true love. Everyone feels that the person they love is most rare no matter how wiry their hair might be or how unrosey their cheeks are. There is so much more to love than simply looking the part on the outside, you have to feel it on the inside. Shakespeare wrote it down in this sonnet to show everyone that love is not this lofty expectation that only the best of the best can achieve, it is an emotion shared by everyone no matter what you look like, or from what walk of life you come from. There is a lot to be learned from this sonnet.Not only do the words express a theme of loving inner beauty, but the format it is written in supports this lesson fully. Love in the Renaissance is explored in a unique way and leads to a moral that we can directly apply to our lives. Love is not a foreign concept to most people, understanding that the important part is on the inside is the only way for anyone to embrace love fully. By studying how the structure and format of the sonnet support Shakespeare’s idea that outward appearances are insignificant, we can learn to embrace love fully.

Basic Parts of the Brain and Their Responsibilities

Basic Parts of the Brain and Their Responsibilities The scarecrow needed it, Einstein had an excellent one, and it can store a whole lot of information. What is it you say? Why, the brain of course.  The brain is the control center of the body. Think of a telephone operator who answers incoming calls and directs them to where they need to go. Similarly, your brain acts as an operator by sending messages to and receiving messages from all over the body. The brain processes the information it receives and ensures that  messages are directed to their proper destinations. Neurons The brain is composed of specialized cells called neurons. These cells  are the basic unit of the nervous system. Neurons send and receive messages through electrical impulses and chemical messages. Chemical messages are known as neurotransmitters and they can either inhibit cell activity or cause cells to become excitable.   Brain Divisions The brain is one of the largest and most important organs of the human body. Weighing in at about three pounds, this organ is covered by a three-layered protective membrane called the meninges. The brain  has a wide range of responsibilities. From coordinating our movement to managing our emotions, this organ does it all.  The brain is composed of three main divisions: the forebrain, brainstem, and hindbrain. Forebrain The forebrain is the most complex of the three parts. It gives us the ability to feel, learn, and remember. It consists of two parts: the telencephalon (contains the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum) and the diencephalon (contains the thalamus and hypothalamus). The cerebral cortex allows us to understand the mounds of information we receive from all around us. The left and right regions of the cerebral cortex are separated by a thick band of tissue called the corpus callosum. The thalamus acts as a telephone line of sorts, allowing information to get through to the cerebral cortex. It is also a component of the limbic system,  which  connects areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and  spinal cord.  The hypothalamus is important for regulating hormones, hunger, thirst, and arousal. Brainstem The brainstem consists of the midbrain and the hindbrain. Just as the name suggests, the brainstem resembles the stem of a branch. The midbrain is the upper part of the branch that is connected to the forebrain. This region of the brain sends and receives information. Data from our senses, such as the eyes and ears, are sent to this area and then directed to the forebrain. Hindbrain The hindbrain makes up the lower portion of the brainstem and consists of three units. The medulla oblongata controls involuntary functions such as digestion and breathing. The second unit of the hindbrain, the pons, also assists in controlling these functions. The third unit, the cerebellum, is responsible for the coordination of movement. Those of you who are blessed with great hand-eye coordination have your cerebellum to thank. Brain Disorders As you can imagine, all of us desire a brain that is healthy and functions properly. Unfortunately, there are some who suffer from neurological disorders of the brain. A few of these disorders include: Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, sleep disorders,  and Parkinsons disease.

America and the Second World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

America and the Second World War - Essay Example They also honor the people who leave legacies through being good at doing something or achieving a great feat in their lifetimes. This kind of lifestyle has largely remained unchanged especially for the German people hence views about them will always remain same (Burgan, 55). The real surprise is the fact that an individual in this society who has done so much and achieved great things ends up living his sunset years in a manner that does not befit a person of his caliber which is directly influenced by the leadership in place. I would pursue the following themes: Education, Politics, Inter-cultural relations, and Family Unit and Socio-cultural activities. The most important thing I have learned from this course is that if anyone obliges him or herself to work hard, then definitely they will end up successful. Anyone who is illustrious is bound to succeed. It does not matter what a personal background or start point is, if they work hard then surely they will succeed in anything they set their minds. The context here is about an American president by the name Mr. Woodraw Wilsons. During campaigns for the presidency of the United States of America, he had used the aspect of not getting America involved in world wars as his main bait for winning re-election, which he did narrowly. Then after that, he changes his policy. He felt that if America wanted to have a greater say in world matters, then it had to involve itself in war and through this get as many allies as possible. And as such President Wilsons, in an effort to make America not to remain neutral in a world war, made a proclamation of May 1917 before Congress and for a declaration of war to be made on the Germans (Burgan, 45). In my opinion, the Zimmermann telegram was not a valid reason for getting into war but was simply a pretext.

Field Inventory Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Field Inventory Assignment - Essay Example This essay stresses that different activities happen in this holy and secular places. For instance, the altar is holy, and it where the priest stands when presiding over the mass and all the Bible readings take place there. On the other hand, the unholy place is used for sitting and no serious activity takes place. In addition, in the altar and other holy places are religious objects, including crosses and sculptures of martyrs. These religious art objects to play different roles in the congregation and the Catholic Church, in general. For instance, the arts of martyrs remind the congregation the importance of faith. The cross reminds them of the death of Jesus Christ, who is also their Savior. This paper makes a conclusion that members of the congregation are expected to sing with others, pay attention and quiet as well as to keep a distance from holy places within the church. These rules come from the Catholic doctrine formed a long time ago at the beginning of Christianity. They are presented to Catholics through an initiation process known as catechism. During my time at the church, the priest discussed singing as an ethical principle as he encouraged people to sing. The project affected the author's understanding of Christianity and the society he is part because people do not pray the same. There are different forms of prayers as evidenced it the church he attended. Therefore, he has come to realize that we are different in terms of the way we conduct prayer services even though we come from the same society.